Smoking is linked to so many fatal illnesses yet so many people have adopted smoking as a habit (According to the World Health Organization there are at least 1.1 billion people in the world who smoke). According to watchtower.org, a study suggests that 1 in every 4 youths that begin smoking eventually become addicted and that 70% of teenage smokers that have started smoking wish to quit but few can. Why? You would think that if someone chose to do something that potentially has dire consequences, there would have to be very compelling reasons to continue this behavior. So what are the reasons behind the grip smoking has on society.
There are many reasons why people start to smoke. These include peer pressure, the desire to try something new, to find a way to deal with stress and because those in high places make it seem cool. Fair enough. Some may just start to smoke intending to continue but others are just experimenting and actually intended to stop. What can be said of those who want to quit but don’t? A weakness develops when you smoke; an addiction. The grip is tight; extremely difficult to escape.
The fact is that though people know that smoking can kill them, those who wish to stop but can’t are being controlled by their craving for nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive drug found in the tobacco used in the cigarette. Nicotine was found to be even more addictive than heroin and cocaine. It is evident though that heroin and cocaine are portrayed as being more powerful than tobacco, thus lulling some smokers into a false sense of security. Also, after a while smoking becomes a habit and therefore becomes a part of who you are. So as with all other bad habits, the habit of smoking will be extremely difficult to get rid of; but even tougher, as a result of the addiction involved.
It is important to note though that there is hope. A little determination, faith and support can go a long way. There are many also products out there that aid in the goal of quitting this deadly habit. However for many smokers these products usually only last for while and many people are drawn back into smoking after these products fail to work. That is while we support electronic cigarettes since its purpose is to provide an alternative to smoking instead of just a patch or gun that does not leave the user feeling satisfied. These devices offer users a way to have all the joys of smoking without the killer consequences, which we believe is what most smokers are looking for.
http://www.electroniccigarettetavern.com/
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Senin, 05 Juli 2010
What is the E Cigarette?
What is the E Cigarette?
The E-cigarette (also known as the electronic cigarette and electric cigarette) is the healthier alternative to the traditional cigarette.
Mad as it sounds, it literally allows you to smoke without smoking. Rather than toxic smoke, you breathe in vapourised nicotine.
Amazingly, the e-cigarette looks, feels and functions exactly like a real cigarette so you get all the enjoyment of smoking without all the toxic smoke!
Since it does not contain any tobacco, you are free to smoke it anywhere you want, smoking ban or not!
Are electronic cigarettes actually like smoking?
As someone who used to smoke tobacco cigarettes, I can probably give you a better answer than most people. Electronic cigarettes taste slightly different than normal cigarettes but they have many more benefits:
* Not banned under the smoking ban
* You Save more than £3000 per year - (see price comparison)
* You get an Instant nicotine hit - 10x faster than gum or patches
* No Tar
* No Flame - zero chance of burning the sofa (or house)
* No Toxic Carcinogens causing lung cancer
* No Unpleasant Odours - tobacco smoke "clings" to clothes
* No Nasty Passive Smoking Effects
* No more Tobacco cravings!
How Electronic cigarettes work
electronic cigarette parts
The electronic cigarette is divided up into three main parts:
Atomizing device - When the electronic cigarette is inhaled, this heats up the liquid nicotine turning it into a harmless nicotine vapour.
Battery - This powers the electronic cigarette. Each rechargeable battery lasts for 2 - 3 days and you get two batteries including a power adaptor for charging them.
Liquid cartridge - This contains the liquid nicotine which is turned into nicotine vapour, giving you that instant hit. Once the vapour runs out, you simply replace the cartridge. Each cartridge is equal to approximately 15 cigarettes meaning you can get 15 cigarettes for under 1 pound! The electronic cigarette comes with 5 catridges equal to 75 cigarettes. (See Price Comparison)
Latest Article
What People are Finding When They Switch to the Electronic cigarette
Recently there have been a lot of people making the move from traditional cigarettes to the Electronic cigarette. Those people who haven̢۪t done so yet, but are considering the move, may be wondering what it is actually like. Does it take a lot of getting used to? Do people who use the Electronic cigarette miss [...]
Are Electronic cigarettes safe?
Tobacco cigarettes actually contain alot of highly harmful substances even long-term smokers don't know about. According to the Cancer Research UK site, among the 4000 harmful chemicals in tobacco cigarettes, some of them are:
Ammonia (Toilet Cleaner)
It is used as a flavouring and helps free the nicotine from tobacco and turning it into a gas. Helps you absorb more nicotine, keeping you hooked. Found in dry cleaning fluids.
Benzene (Pesticide/Petrol Additive)
This is a colourless cyclic hydrocarbon which is obtained from coal and petroleum, used as a solvent in fuel and chemical manufacture. It is contained in cigarette smoke. Known to be highly carcinogenic and linked to leukaemia.
Acetone (Nail Polish Remover)
Fragrant volatile liquid ketone which is used as a solvent, for example in nail polish remover. It is found in cigarette smoke.
Formaldehyde (Embalming Fluid)
A colourless highly poisonous liquid, used to preserve dead bodies - also found in cigarette smoke. Known to cause a severe problems such as cancer, respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal problems.
Tar (Roads)
Particulate matter drawn into lungs when you inhale on a lighted cigarette. Once this is inhaled, smoke condenses and about 70 per cent of the tar in the smoke is deposited in the smoker's lungs.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
A group of dangerous DNA-damaging chemicals which set cells on the road to becoming tumors.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) (Car Exhaust Fumes)
An odourless, tasteless and poisonous gas, rapidly fatal in large amounts - it's the same gas that comes out of car exhausts and is the main gas in cigarette smoke and formed when the cigarette is lit.
Lead (Paint)
A dense metal with many industrial uses such as paint. Highly toxic, it stunts your growth, makes you vomit and damages your brain. Others you may recognize are :
Arsenic (rat poison), Hydrogen Cyanide (gas chamber poison)
In 2008, toxological tests were performed on electronic cigarettes and they were found to be much less harmful than thetobacco cigarettes. Further scientific tests in 2009 have shown them to be safe.
It's important to note that only electronic cigarettes which have had rigorous testing done on them can be considered safe. Just make sure that when you buy an electronic cigarette that it's an official brand like Gamucci, Milano or Njoy. Recently, there have been many cheap and untested Chinese imitations flooding the market. These imitations can potentially be extremely hazardous to your health so we would advise you not to buy them!
Electronic cigarettes are rechargeable and refillable so you'll save a fortune in the long run.
You can use the electronic cigarettes to smoke in areas with a smoking ban.
There is no flame, no tobacco and no nasty carcinogens so you can smoke without harming others around you, and places where smoking is banned
sumber: http://www.ecigarettestore.co.uk/
The E-cigarette (also known as the electronic cigarette and electric cigarette) is the healthier alternative to the traditional cigarette.
Mad as it sounds, it literally allows you to smoke without smoking. Rather than toxic smoke, you breathe in vapourised nicotine.
Amazingly, the e-cigarette looks, feels and functions exactly like a real cigarette so you get all the enjoyment of smoking without all the toxic smoke!
Since it does not contain any tobacco, you are free to smoke it anywhere you want, smoking ban or not!
Are electronic cigarettes actually like smoking?
As someone who used to smoke tobacco cigarettes, I can probably give you a better answer than most people. Electronic cigarettes taste slightly different than normal cigarettes but they have many more benefits:
* Not banned under the smoking ban
* You Save more than £3000 per year - (see price comparison)
* You get an Instant nicotine hit - 10x faster than gum or patches
* No Tar
* No Flame - zero chance of burning the sofa (or house)
* No Toxic Carcinogens causing lung cancer
* No Unpleasant Odours - tobacco smoke "clings" to clothes
* No Nasty Passive Smoking Effects
* No more Tobacco cravings!
How Electronic cigarettes work
electronic cigarette parts
The electronic cigarette is divided up into three main parts:
Atomizing device - When the electronic cigarette is inhaled, this heats up the liquid nicotine turning it into a harmless nicotine vapour.
Battery - This powers the electronic cigarette. Each rechargeable battery lasts for 2 - 3 days and you get two batteries including a power adaptor for charging them.
Liquid cartridge - This contains the liquid nicotine which is turned into nicotine vapour, giving you that instant hit. Once the vapour runs out, you simply replace the cartridge. Each cartridge is equal to approximately 15 cigarettes meaning you can get 15 cigarettes for under 1 pound! The electronic cigarette comes with 5 catridges equal to 75 cigarettes. (See Price Comparison)
Latest Article
What People are Finding When They Switch to the Electronic cigarette
Recently there have been a lot of people making the move from traditional cigarettes to the Electronic cigarette. Those people who haven̢۪t done so yet, but are considering the move, may be wondering what it is actually like. Does it take a lot of getting used to? Do people who use the Electronic cigarette miss [...]
Are Electronic cigarettes safe?
Tobacco cigarettes actually contain alot of highly harmful substances even long-term smokers don't know about. According to the Cancer Research UK site, among the 4000 harmful chemicals in tobacco cigarettes, some of them are:
Ammonia (Toilet Cleaner)
It is used as a flavouring and helps free the nicotine from tobacco and turning it into a gas. Helps you absorb more nicotine, keeping you hooked. Found in dry cleaning fluids.
Benzene (Pesticide/Petrol Additive)
This is a colourless cyclic hydrocarbon which is obtained from coal and petroleum, used as a solvent in fuel and chemical manufacture. It is contained in cigarette smoke. Known to be highly carcinogenic and linked to leukaemia.
Acetone (Nail Polish Remover)
Fragrant volatile liquid ketone which is used as a solvent, for example in nail polish remover. It is found in cigarette smoke.
Formaldehyde (Embalming Fluid)
A colourless highly poisonous liquid, used to preserve dead bodies - also found in cigarette smoke. Known to cause a severe problems such as cancer, respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal problems.
Tar (Roads)
Particulate matter drawn into lungs when you inhale on a lighted cigarette. Once this is inhaled, smoke condenses and about 70 per cent of the tar in the smoke is deposited in the smoker's lungs.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
A group of dangerous DNA-damaging chemicals which set cells on the road to becoming tumors.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) (Car Exhaust Fumes)
An odourless, tasteless and poisonous gas, rapidly fatal in large amounts - it's the same gas that comes out of car exhausts and is the main gas in cigarette smoke and formed when the cigarette is lit.
Lead (Paint)
A dense metal with many industrial uses such as paint. Highly toxic, it stunts your growth, makes you vomit and damages your brain. Others you may recognize are :
Arsenic (rat poison), Hydrogen Cyanide (gas chamber poison)
In 2008, toxological tests were performed on electronic cigarettes and they were found to be much less harmful than thetobacco cigarettes. Further scientific tests in 2009 have shown them to be safe.
It's important to note that only electronic cigarettes which have had rigorous testing done on them can be considered safe. Just make sure that when you buy an electronic cigarette that it's an official brand like Gamucci, Milano or Njoy. Recently, there have been many cheap and untested Chinese imitations flooding the market. These imitations can potentially be extremely hazardous to your health so we would advise you not to buy them!
Electronic cigarettes are rechargeable and refillable so you'll save a fortune in the long run.
You can use the electronic cigarettes to smoke in areas with a smoking ban.
There is no flame, no tobacco and no nasty carcinogens so you can smoke without harming others around you, and places where smoking is banned
sumber: http://www.ecigarettestore.co.uk/
Electronic cigarette
Electronic cigarette
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Two electronic cigarette models. From top down: RN4072 "pen-style" and CT-M401. A spare detached battery is also shown below each model.
A DSE-901 electronic cigarette exhibiting another common design: that of an ordinary cigarette.
An electronic cigarette, also known as an e-cigarette or personal vaporizer, is a battery-powered device that provides inhaled doses of nicotine by way of a vaporized solution. It is an alternative to smoked tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. In addition to purported nicotine delivery,[1] this vapor also provides a flavor and physical sensation similar to that of inhaled tobacco smoke, while no smoke or combustion is actually involved in its operation.
An electronic cigarette takes the form of some manner of elongated tube, though many are designed to resemble the outward appearance of real smoking products, like cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. Another common design is the "pen-style", so named for its visual resemblance to a ballpoint pen. Most electronic cigarettes are reusable devices with replaceable and refillable parts. A number of disposable electronic cigarettes have also been developed.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Operation
* 2 Components
o 2.1 Mouthpiece ("cartridge")
o 2.2 Heating element ("atomizer")
o 2.3 Battery and electronics
* 3 Nicotine solution
* 4 Markets
o 4.1 American
o 4.2 European
* 5 Health issues
o 5.1 Health effects of nicotine
o 5.2 Food and Drug Administration (US)
o 5.3 American Association of Public Health Physicians
o 5.4 Health Canada
o 5.5 World Health Organization
o 5.6 Health New Zealand Ltd. study
o 5.7 Harm reduction
* 6 Legal status by region
o 6.1 European Union
o 6.2 United States
* 7 See also
* 8 References
[edit] Operation
In automatic models, when a user inhales through the device, air flow is detected by a sensor, which activates a heating element that vaporizes a nicotine solution stored in the mouthpiece.[2] On manual models, the user must depress a button to activate the heating element to produce vapor which is then inhaled by the user. On most models an LED on the opposite end of the device is also activated during inhalation, which serves as an indicator of use. The LED color is usually a matter of preference, as the most widely used electronic cigarettes come with options for many different ones.
[edit] Components
A disassembled cigarette-shaped electronic cigarette.
A. LED light cover
B. battery (also houses circuitry)
C. atomizer (heating element)
D. cartridge (mouthpiece).
While electronic cigarettes take many forms, they each generally employ the same basic components: a mouthpiece, a heating element, a rechargeable battery, and various electronic circuits.
[edit] Mouthpiece ("cartridge")
The mouthpiece is a small disposable plastic cup-like piece affixed to the end of the tube. Inside the mouthpiece is a smaller plastic cup which holds an absorbent material that is saturated with a flavored liquid solution that may contain nicotine.[3] This inner cup is made such that air is able to flow around it and through a hole in the end of the outer piece; this is necessary for the device to provide the ability for suction to move the vapor into the user's mouth. The mouthpiece is referred to in the industry as a "cartridge". When the liquid in the cartridge has been depleted, it can either be refilled by the user or replaced with another pre-filled cartridge.
As an alternative to the traditional plastic mouthpiece, some manufacturers have created dedicated mouthpieces just for dripping, such as Super-T manufacturing's stainless steel T-Tip drip tip.
Another alternative to using cartridges is the direct dripping method using drip tips. By removing the absorbent material, one is able to simply remove the plastic mouthpiece and drip several drops of e-liquid directly onto the atomizer bridge. To further ease dripping, some manufacturers have created specialty mouthpieces made of stainless steel or plastic that are intended just for dripping and do not require removal each time you drip.
[edit] Heating element ("atomizer")
The heating element serves to vaporize the liquid in the mouthpiece so that it can be inhaled. This component is referred to in the industry as an "atomizer". Atomizers have a finite life of about one month (on average) and are one of the recurring expenses associated with electronic cigarettes. Some models combine an atomizer and pre-filled cartridge into one disposable component referred to as a "cartomizer".
[edit] Battery and electronics
An electronic cigarette battery connected to a USB charger.
Most electronic cigarettes employ a lithium-ion rechargeable battery to power the heating element. Battery life varies depending on the battery type and size, frequency of use, and operating environment. Many different battery charger types are available, such as wall outlet, car, and USB chargers. The battery is generally the largest component of an electronic cigarette.
Some electronic cigarettes employ an electronic airflow sensor to automatically activate the heating element upon inhalation, while other models require the user to press a button while inhaling. Various other electronic circuits are usually employed as well, such as a timed cutoff switch to prevent overheating and a colored LED to signal activation of the device.
Traditionally, electronic cigarettes have utilized an electronic means of activation. This involved the use of small tactile switches, vacuum switches and the related wiring and electronics necessary to run them. Users soon discovered these could be unreliable. With the advent of "mods", several manufacturer's have created all mechanical electronic cigarettes that eliminate the use of any wiring, solder or electronics in an effort to improve switch reliability.
While some larger electronic cigarette models employ a user-replaceable standard-size battery cell, many models are too small to house a standard-size cell and instead require a proprietary component made by the electronic cigarette manufacturer. For those models, the battery and electronic components are housed within a single replaceable part, which is still generally referred to in the industry simply as the "battery".
[edit] Nicotine solution
Nicotine solutions sold separately for use in refillable cartridges are sometimes referred to as "e-liquid" or "e-juice", and commonly contain some amount of flavoring, with several different flavors available. They consist of nicotine dissolved in propylene glycol (PG) and/or glycerin (glycerol). Both PG and glycerin are common food additives.
Solutions are also available in differing nicotine concentrations, to let the user decide the amount of nicotine to be taken in. Concentrations range from Zero Nicotine, low and midrange doses (6–8 mg/ml and 10–14 mg/ml respectively), to high and extra-high doses (16–18 mg/ml and 20–54 mg/ml respectively). The concentration ratings are often printed at the e-liquid bottle or cartridge, although the standard notation "mg/ml" often gets abbreviated to just "mg". Solutions are also available that contain no nicotine at all.[2]
Some flavor varieties attempt to resemble traditional cigarette types, such as regular tobacco and menthol, and some even attempt to mimic specific cigarette brands, such as Marlboro or Camel. Fruit and other flavors are also available, such as vanilla, caramel, and coffee.
Below are some of the different liquid solution compositions available:[4][5]
Substance Recipe 1 Recipe 2 Recipe 3 Recipe 4 Recipe 5
Propylene glycol 85% 80% 90% 80% <65%
Nicotine 6% 4% 2% 0.1% <3%
Glycerol 2% 5% - 5% <20%
Tobacco essence - 4% 4.5% 1% <5%
Essence 2% - 1% 1% <5%
Organic acid 1% - - 2% <1%
Anti-oxidation agent 1% - - - -
Butyl valerate - 1% - - -
Isopentyl hexonate - 1% - - -
Lauryl laurate - 0.6% - - -
Benzyl benzoate - 0.4% - - -
Methyl octynicate - 0–5% - - -
Ethyl heptylate - 0.2% - - -
Hexyl hexanoate - 0.3% - - -
Geranyl butyrate - 2% - - -
Menthol - 0.5% - - -
Citric acid - 0.5% 2.5% - -
Water - - - 2.9% <10%
Alcohol - - - 8% -
2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine - - - - <1%
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine - - - - <1%
2,3-Dimethylpyrazine - - - - <1%
Acetylpyrazine - - - - <1%
Terpineol - - - - <1%
Ethyl maltol - - - - <1%
Guaiacol - - - - <1%
Acetylpyridine - - - - <1%
Octalactone - - - - <1%
[6] The contents of a commonly Imported tobacco flavored liquid from China.
Scientific Name CAS 6 mg Core 11 mg Core 16 mg Core
Megastigmatrienone 13215-88-8 14.00% 14.00% 14.00%
Beta-Damascenone 23696-85-7 12.00% 12.00% 12.00%
G2-Acetylpyrazine 22047-25-2 0.10% 0.10% 0.10%
2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine 123-32-0 0.20% 0.20% 0.20%
1,3-Propanediol 57-55-6 68.10% 67.60% 67.10%
L-Nicotine 54-11-5 0.60% 1.10% 1.60%
Linalool 11-05-54 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Numbers
[edit] Markets
[edit] American
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified electronic cigarettes as a drug delivery device and subject to market approval prior to sale under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). In January 2010, this classification was overturned by a federal judge, but an appeals court overruled the judge's classification on March 2010. Despite this, a number of electronic cigarette companies have emerged online. However, it is unclear what actions the FDA will take to ensure that only compliant products are on the market.
[edit] European
In April 2006, the electronic cigarette was brought to Europe, and officially launched at the "RUYAN" Overseas Promotion Conference in Austria.[7] After its introduction, this product was adapted to the European market and marketed in UK as the "electronic cigarette". In 2007, Reuters visited SBT RUYAN in Beijing, which drew media attention to the technology. According to Matt Salmon, president of the recently formed Electronic Cigarette Association, the total number of e-cigarette users was estimated to be 300,000 in October 2009, based on survey results. In his opinion, Salmon added, the actual figure was in excess of that.[8]
[edit] Health issues
The health effects of using electronic cigarettes are currently unknown. Several studies regarding the long-term health effects of inhaling nicotine vapor are currently in progress.[9]
[edit] Health effects of nicotine
Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor; it constricts arteries, making it harder for the heart to pump blood through the body. Repeated nicotine exposure contributes to accelerated coronary artery disease, acute cardiac ischemic events, and hypertension[10] Additionally, studies have shown that nicotine exposure contributes to stroke, peptic ulcer disease, and esophageal reflux.[10] Further, nicotine may cause wounds to heal more slowly and may associate with reproductive toxicity.[10] Moreover, nicotine can cause the body to release its stores of fat and cholesterol into the blood.[11]
Nicotine replacement therapies, such as nicotine gum, that were used for long periods of time may be associated with an increased risk of contracting oral cancer.[12]
[edit] Food and Drug Administration (US)
In May 2009, the US FDA's Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis tested the contents of 19 varieties of electronic cigarette cartridges produced by two vendors (NJoy and Smoking Everywhere).[13] Diethylene glycol was detected in one of the cartridges manufactured by Smoking Everywhere.[13] In addition, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) were detected in all of the cartridges from one brand and two of the cartridges from the other brand. The study found that the actual nicotine levels did not always correspond to the amount of nicotine the cartridges purported to contain[13] The analysis found traces of nicotine in some cartridges that claimed to be nicotine-free.[13] Further concerns were raised over inconsistent amounts of nicotine delivered when drawing on the device.[14] In July 2009, the FDA issued a press release discouraging the use of electronic cigarettes and repeating previously stated concerns that electronic cigarettes may be marketed to young people and lack appropriate health warnings.[15]
In response to the FDA study, the Electronic Cigarette Association said that the testing was too "narrow to reach any valid and reliable conclusions.”[13] The FDA's study was reviewed in July 2009 by scientific consulting firm Exponent, Inc., in a report commissioned by the manufacturer of one of the electronic cigarettes tested by the FDA. Some of the criticisms in Exponent's report are poor standards of documentation and analysis. Exponent lists previous studies that have detected TSNA levels in FDA-approved nicotine replacement therapy products comparable to those the FDA detected in their study, and objects to the FDA making no comparisons to such products in their analysis of electronic cigarettes. Ultimately the review concludes that the FDA's study did not support the claims of potential adverse health effects from the use of electronic cigarettes.[16]
[edit] American Association of Public Health Physicians
The American Association of Public Health Physicians has stated that the electronic cigarette is at least a thousand times less hazardous to human health than regular cigarettes, and supports legalization.[17]
[edit] Health Canada
On March 27, 2009, Health Canada issued an advisory against electronic cigarettes. The advisory stated "Although these electronic smoking products may be marketed as a safer alternative to conventional tobacco products and, in some cases, as an aid to quitting smoking, electronic smoking products may pose risks such as nicotine poisoning and addiction."[18]
[edit] World Health Organization
The World Health Organization proclaimed in September 2008 that it does not consider the electronic cigarette to be a legitimate smoking cessation aid, and demanded that marketers immediately remove from their materials any suggestions that the WHO considers electronic cigarettes safe and effective.[19] The WHO states that to its knowledge, "no rigorous, peer-reviewed studies have been conducted showing that the electronic cigarette is a safe and effective nicotine replacement therapy. WHO does not discount the possibility that the electronic cigarette could be useful as a smoking cessation aid." WHO Tobacco Free Initiative director ad interim Douglas Bettcher states, "If the marketers of the electronic cigarette want to help smokers quit, then they need to conduct clinical studies and toxicity analyses and operate within the proper regulatory framework. Until they do that, WHO cannot consider the electronic cigarette to be an appropriate nicotine replacement therapy, and it certainly cannot accept false suggestions that it has approved and endorsed the product."
[edit] Health New Zealand Ltd. study
In 2008, Dr. Murray Laugesen, of Health New Zealand, published a report on the safety of Ruyan electronic cigarette cartridges. Ruyan funded the research, but both Dr. Laugesen and the WHO claim that the research is independent.[20] The presence of trace amounts of TSNAs in electronic cigarette vapor was documented in the analysis. The results also indicated that the level of nicotine in the electronic cigarette cartridges was not different from the concentration of nicotine found in nicotine patches.[20] John Britton, a lung specialist at the University of Nottingham, UK and chair of the Royal College of Physicians Tobacco Advisory Group said “if the levels are as low as in nicotine replacement therapy, I don’t think there will be much of a problem.”[20] The study conducted detailed quantitative analysis and concluded that carcinogens and toxicants are present only below harmful levels. The final conclusion of the safety report is: "Based on the manufacturer’s information, the composition of the cartridge liquid is not hazardous to health, if used as intended."[21]
[edit] Harm reduction
Public health advocates often promote harm reduction strategies in order to reduce tobacco-related morbidity. There are two major approaches to harm reduction in tobacco. The first is the use of medicinal nicotine replacement therapies such as gum, patches, or inhalers, and the second is the use of tobacco products that claim to contain fewer carcinogens or lower levels of nicotine than regular cigarettes. Manufacturers are promoting electronic cigarettes as a safer alternative to smoking cigarettes, claiming that most of the harmful material produced by the combustion of tobacco in traditional cigarettes is not present in the atomized liquid of electronic cigarettes. Despite claims that electronic cigarettes are safer, manufactures include warning labels with their products. For instance, the following advisory appears on the website of Green Smoke, a electronic cigarette company: “Warning: Nicotine is highly addictive. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or mitigate any disease or condition.”[22]
According to Cancer Research UK, "For a smoker, the health hazards of continuing to smoke greatly outweigh any potential risks of using NRT".[23] It may be worth noting, however, that while electronic cigarettes are purported to deliver nicotine to the user in a manner similar to that of a Nicotrol inhaler, no electronic cigarette has yet been approved as a medicinal NRT product or undergone the extensive clinical testing necessary for such approval. Moreover, doubts have been raised as to whether electronic cigarettes actually deliver any substantial amount of nicotine at all.[24]
Though some have marketed electronic cigarettes as a way to curtail an addiction to nicotine,[25] international health organizations have stated they may not be marketed as a cessation device.[19] A number of regulatory agencies have issued warnings regarding the health effects of these products. The recently formed Electronic Cigarette Association aims to eliminate unsubstantiated health claims made by electronic cigarette companies, and those companies that wish to participate in the association must agree to refrain from making such claims.[26][27] In a recent online survey from November 2009 among 303 smokers, it was found that e-cigarette substitution for tobacco cigarettes resulted in perceived health benefits, when compared to smoking conventional cigarettes (less cough, higher ability to do exercise, and a better sense of taste and smell).[28]
[edit] Legal status by region
Because of the relative novelty of the technology and the possible relationship to tobacco laws and medical drug policies, electronic cigarette legislation and public health investigations are currently pending in many countries.
* In Australia, the sale of electronic cigarettes containing nicotine is illegal.[29][30]
* In Brazil electronic cigarettes sales, importation or advertisement of any kind are forbidden. Anvisa, the Brazilian health and sanitation federal agency, found the current health safety assessments about e-cigarettes not to be yet satisfactory to make the product eligible to be approved for commercialization.[31]
* In Canada, as of March 2009, imports, sales, and advertising are banned. In March 2009, Health Canada also advised Canadians not to purchase or use any electronic smoking products. Health Canada cited the Food and Drugs Act, stating that electronic smoking products containing nicotine require market authorization before they can be imported, marketed, or sold. No market authorization has been granted for any electronic smoking product.[18]
* In Denmark, the Danish Medicines Agency classifies electronic cigarettes containing nicotine as medicinal products. Thus, authorization is required from the retailer before the product may be marketed and sold. The agency has clarified, however, that electronic cigarettes that do not administer nicotine to the user, and are not otherwise used for the prevention or treatment of disease, are not considered medicinal devices.[32] The use of electronic cigarettes has not been prohibited in Copenhagen Airport, but at least one airline (Scandinavian Airlines) has decided to ban their use onboard flights.[33]
* In Netherlands, use and sale of electronic cigarettes is allowed, but advertising is forbidden pending European Union legislation.[34]
* In New Zealand, the Ministry of Health has ruled that the Ruyan e-cigarette falls under the requirements of the Medicines Act, and cannot be sold except as a registered medicine.[2]
* In Panama, importation, distribution and sale has been prohibited since June 2009. The Ministry of Health cites the FDA findings as their reason for the ban.[35]
* In Singapore, the sale and import of electronic cigarettes, even for personal consumption, is illegal.[36]
* In United Kingdom, use and sale of electronic cigarettes is currently unrestricted, although the MHRA has proposed bringing all nicotine products except tobacco within the medicines licensing regime.[37]
* In Italy, use and sales of electronic cigarettes is permitted but all products containing Nicotine must be labelled with hazardous symbols as per Directive 2001/95/CE and 1999/45/CE.[citation needed]
[edit] European Union
Directive 2001/95/EC(6) on general product safety applies in so far as there are no specific provisions with the same objective in other EC law. This directive provides for restrictive or preventive measures to be taken if the product is found to be dangerous to the health and safety of consumers.
Whether ecigs could be regarded as falling under Directive 93/42/EEC on medical devices depends on the claimed intended use and whether this intended use has a medical purpose. ”It is for each national authority to decide, account being taken of all the characteristics of the product, whether it falls within the definition of a medicinal product by its function or presentation.“[38]
Electronic cigarettes may fall under the definition of a medicinal product laid down in Directive 2001/83/EC, either if the product is presented as a remedy against nicotine addiction or if it is qualified as restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions.[39]
[edit] United States
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified electronic cigarettes as drug delivery device and subject to regulation under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). As a result, they require market authorization prior to importation and sale into the country. This classification was overruled by Judge Richard J. Leon citing that “the devices should be regulated as tobacco products rather than drug or medical products” ".[40] Leon continued, saying “This case appears to be yet another example of F.D.A.’s aggressive efforts to regulate recreational tobacco products as drugs or devices”. However, a US Court of Appeal upheld the FDA's original classification in March 2010 allowing them to restrict and ban unauthorized products. The FDA argued the right to regulate electronic cigarettes based on their previous ability to regulate nicotine replacement therapies such as nicotine gum or patches. Further, the agency argued that tobacco legislation enacted last year "expressly excludes from the definition of 'tobacco product' any article that is a drug, device or combination product under the FDCA, and provides that such articles shall be subject to regulation under the pre-existing FDCA provisions."[41]
In addition to this, states have begun to consider either including electronic cigarettes in bans that affect tobacco or banning their sale entirely. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoed a bill that would ban the sale of electronic cigarettes within the state on grounds that “if adults want to purchase and consume these products with an understanding of the associated health risks, they should be able to do so."[42] The fact that California has some of the strictest cigarette laws in the country further complicates the picture. Further, the state of New Jersey has recently sought to include the electronic cigarette under the New Jersey Smoke Free Air Act. One of the main justifications New Jersey Assemblywoman Connie Wagner seeks to use is the flavoring of electric cigarettes.[43] On September 22, 2009, under the authorization of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act banned flavored tobacco (with the notable exception of menthol cigarettes) due to its potential appeal to children.[44] Ms. Wagner advocates that the use of flavorings such as chocolate could encourage childhood use and serve as a gateway to cigarette smoking.[44] In addition to New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York and Pennsylvania have begun efforts to restrict electronic cigarette use in various forms.
New Hampshire’s reform campaign fits into its own dynamic and unique category. In New Hampshire a group of students, partnered with a group called “Breathe New Hampshire” petitioned the state government to ban the sale of electronic cigarettes to minors. While sale of electronic cigarettes to minors remains legal, some worry that electronic cigarettes will serve as a gateway to smoking cigarettes. One teen involved in the legal proceedings claims that her peers will see electronic cigarettes as similar to “having a new cell phone. It’s cool. It’s electronic.”[45]
Arizona has a planned ban of selling electronic cigarettes to minors.[46]
[edit] See also
* Dissolvable tobacco
* Nicotine
* Passive Smoking
* Smoking ban
* Smoking cessation
* Snus
* WHO
[edit] References
1. ^ Paul Courson (2010-02-09). "Study: Electronic cigarettes dont deliver". CNN (Washington). http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/08/e.cigarette/?hpt=Sbin. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
2. ^ a b c Health New Zealand (2007-10-17). "The Ruyan e-cigarette; Technical Information Sheet". Health New Zealand. http://www.healthnz.co.nz/Ruyan_ecigarette.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
3. ^ See the chapter #Nicotine solution for a more extensive ingredients list.
4. ^ Hon Lik (2004-03-08). "EP patent application 1618803: A flameless electronic atomizing cigarette". Patent granted 2008-12-03.. http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=EP&NR=1618803A1&KC=A1&FT=D&date=20060125&DB=&locale=. Retrieved 2006-01-25.
5. ^ Scientific Analysis Laboratories (2009-07-14). "Analysis of the Content of Totally Wicked eLiquid, from Pill Box 38 (UK) Ltd". Totally Wicked eLiquid Lab Reports.. http://www.totallywicked-eliquid.com/about-the-fluid/lab-reports.html. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
6. ^ Ingredient list submitted by: Shenzhen Bauway Technology Co Ltd PRC (2010-03-04). "Content of Domestic Vapor imported tobacco flavored eliquid". Import Liquid composition. http://www.domesticvapor.com/importliquid.html. Retrieved 2010-03-04.
7. ^ Ruyan official website (2006-04-02). "Ruyan history (2004-2007)". Ruyan official website. http://www.ruyan.com.cn/operNews.do?action=cNewList&info_sort=12&page=1. Retrieved 2009-11-05.
8. ^ Ron Scherer (2009-10-17). "Electronic cigarettes: In need of FDA regulation?". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2009/1017/p02s03-ussc.html. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
9. ^ McLean, Mike. "A New Potential Market Lights Up". http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=12&hid=15&sid=04abb330-3b66-41fb-ac8c-ff980302503b%40sessionmgr13. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
10. ^ a b c Wollscheid, Kristine. "Electronic Cigarettes: Safety Concerns and Regulatory Issues". http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=15&hid=15&sid=04abb330-3b66-41fb-ac8c-ff980302503b%40sessionmgr13. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
11. ^ Wack, Jeffrey. "Smoking and Its Effects on Body Weight and the Systems of Caloric Regulation". http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/35/2/366. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
12. ^ Henderson, Mark. "Cancer Risk of Nicotine Gum and Lozenges Higher than Thought". http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article6143744.ece. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
13. ^ a b c d e Zezima, Katie. "Analysis Finds Toxic Substances in Electronic Cigarettes". http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/23/health/policy/23fda.html. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
14. ^ FDA (2009-05-04). "Evaluation of e-cigarettes". Food and Drug Administration (US) -center for drug evaluation and research. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ScienceResearch/UCM173250.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
15. ^ FDA (2009-07-22). "FDA and Public Health Experts Warn About Electronic Cigarettes". Food and Drug Administration (US). http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm173222.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
16. ^ Janci Lindsay (2009-07-30). "Technical Review and Analysis of FDA Report: Evaluation of e-cigarettes". Exponent Health Sciences. http://www.ecassoc.org/downloads/Response-to-the-FDA-Summary.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
17. ^ AAPHP.org
18. ^ a b Health Canada (2009-03-27). "Health Canada Advises Canadians Not to Use Electronic Cigarettes". Health Canada advisory. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2009/2009_53-eng.php. Retrieved 2009-03-27.
19. ^ a b WHO news media center (2008-09-19). "Marketers of electronic cigarettes should halt unproved therapy claims". WHO Tobacco Free Initiative. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2008/pr34/en/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
20. ^ a b c Thomson, Helen. "iSmoke". http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=18&hid=15&sid=04abb330-3b66-41fb-ac8c-ff980302503b%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=36586464. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
21. ^ Murray Laugesen (2008-10-30). "Safety Report on the Ruyan e-cigarette Cartridge and Inhaled Aerosol". Health New Zealand Ltd. http://www.healthnz.co.nz/RuyanCartridgeReport30-Oct-08.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
22. ^ Green Smoke, Green Smoke. "Green Smoke". http://www.greensmoke.com. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
23. ^ Cancer research UK (2009-04-24). "Can nicotine gum cause mouth cancer". http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/04/24/can-nicotine-gum-cause-mouth-cancer/. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
24. ^ CNN (2010-02-09). "E-Cigarettes Don't Deliver". http://edition.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/08/e.cigarette/index.html.
25. ^ Brooke Donovan (2008-02-27). "Fake aims to kill the urge to puff". The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10494763. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
26. ^ Electronic Cigarette Association (2009-08-01). "Application for Business Membership in the ECA". ECA located in Washington DC. http://www.ecassoc.org/downloads/ECA_Member_App_Aug09.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
27. ^ Matt Salmon (2009-07-28). "ECA president response to FDA". Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCNqwIZ5_k0. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
28. ^ Heavner, Dunworth, Bergen, Nissen, Phillips (2009-11-26). "Results of an online survey of e-cigarette users". Tobacco Harm Reduction (University of Alberta). http://tobaccoharmreduction.org/wpapers/011v1.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
29. ^ Helen Parker and Chloe Lake (2009-01-19). "E-cigarettes being sold online". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0,28348,24930638-5014239,00.html. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
30. ^ Therapeutic Goods Administration (2008-10-15). "National Drugs and Poisons Schedule Committee -record of reasons of meeting 54". Australian Government Department of_Health and Ageing Therapeutic Goods Administration: NDPSC document (chapter 12.1.3 at p.126-144). http://www.tga.gov.au/ndpsc/record/rr200810.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
31. ^ Neri Vitor Eich (2009-08-31). "ANVISA proibe comercializacao do cigarro eletronico". Estado.com.br. http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,anvisa-proibe-comercializacao-do-cigarro-eletronico,427373,0.htm. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
32. ^ Danish Medicines Agency (2009-03-09). "Classification of electronic cigarettes". Danish Medicines Agency. http://www.dkma.dk/1024/visUKLSArtikel.asp?artikelID=14819&print=true. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
33. ^ Jakob Kjær (2009-05-07). "El-smøger smyger sig uden om rygeloven". Politiken.dk. http://politiken.dk/tjek/dagligliv/sundhed/article705810.ece. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
34. ^ Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (2008-01-28). "Health minister seeks European consensus on e-cigarette". MinVWS.nl. http://www.minvws.nl/en/nieuwsberichten/gmt/2008/klink-seeks-consensus-e-cig.asp. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
35. ^ Yaritza Gricel Mojica (2009-10-22). "Advierten sobre cigarrillos con veneno". Prensa.com (Panama). http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2009/10/22/hoy/panorama/1969677.asp. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
36. ^ Teh Joo Lin (2009-12-23). "13 warned or fined over e-cigarettes". Asiaone News (The Straits Times). http://www.asiaone.com/News/the%2BStraits%2BTimes/Story/A1Story20091223-187528.html. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
37. ^ UK MHRA (2010-02-01). "Public consultation (MLX 364)". http://www.mhra.gov.uk/Publications/Consultations/Medicinesconsultations/MLXs/CON065617.
38. ^ Orientation Note: Electronic Cigarettes and the EC Legislation
39. ^ Answer given by Ms Vassiliou on behalf of the Commission
40. ^ Duff Wilson (2010-01-14). "Judge Orders F.D.A. to Stop Blocking Imports of E-Cigarettes From China". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/15/business/15smoke.html. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
41. ^ AAFP.org
42. ^ Arnold Schwarzenegger (2009-10-12). "SB 400 Senate Bill -Veto". California State Senate. http://leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_0351-0400/sb_400_vt_20091012.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
43. ^ Livio, Susan K. (7 December 2009). "N. J. Assembly Approves E-Cigarette Ban". http://www.northjersey.com/news/state/120709_NJ_Assembly_committee_approves_e-cigarette_ban.html.
44. ^ a b U.S. Food and Drug Administration (15 January 2010). "Flavored Tobacco". http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/ProtectingKidsfromTobacco/FlavoredTobacco/default.htm.
45. ^ Love, Norma (14 March 2010). "N.H. Teen Leads Push to Ban E-Cigarettes". http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2010/03/14/nh_teen_leads_push_to_ban_e_cigarettes/.
46. ^ Azleg.gov
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Two electronic cigarette models. From top down: RN4072 "pen-style" and CT-M401. A spare detached battery is also shown below each model.
A DSE-901 electronic cigarette exhibiting another common design: that of an ordinary cigarette.
An electronic cigarette, also known as an e-cigarette or personal vaporizer, is a battery-powered device that provides inhaled doses of nicotine by way of a vaporized solution. It is an alternative to smoked tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. In addition to purported nicotine delivery,[1] this vapor also provides a flavor and physical sensation similar to that of inhaled tobacco smoke, while no smoke or combustion is actually involved in its operation.
An electronic cigarette takes the form of some manner of elongated tube, though many are designed to resemble the outward appearance of real smoking products, like cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. Another common design is the "pen-style", so named for its visual resemblance to a ballpoint pen. Most electronic cigarettes are reusable devices with replaceable and refillable parts. A number of disposable electronic cigarettes have also been developed.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Operation
* 2 Components
o 2.1 Mouthpiece ("cartridge")
o 2.2 Heating element ("atomizer")
o 2.3 Battery and electronics
* 3 Nicotine solution
* 4 Markets
o 4.1 American
o 4.2 European
* 5 Health issues
o 5.1 Health effects of nicotine
o 5.2 Food and Drug Administration (US)
o 5.3 American Association of Public Health Physicians
o 5.4 Health Canada
o 5.5 World Health Organization
o 5.6 Health New Zealand Ltd. study
o 5.7 Harm reduction
* 6 Legal status by region
o 6.1 European Union
o 6.2 United States
* 7 See also
* 8 References
[edit] Operation
In automatic models, when a user inhales through the device, air flow is detected by a sensor, which activates a heating element that vaporizes a nicotine solution stored in the mouthpiece.[2] On manual models, the user must depress a button to activate the heating element to produce vapor which is then inhaled by the user. On most models an LED on the opposite end of the device is also activated during inhalation, which serves as an indicator of use. The LED color is usually a matter of preference, as the most widely used electronic cigarettes come with options for many different ones.
[edit] Components
A disassembled cigarette-shaped electronic cigarette.
A. LED light cover
B. battery (also houses circuitry)
C. atomizer (heating element)
D. cartridge (mouthpiece).
While electronic cigarettes take many forms, they each generally employ the same basic components: a mouthpiece, a heating element, a rechargeable battery, and various electronic circuits.
[edit] Mouthpiece ("cartridge")
The mouthpiece is a small disposable plastic cup-like piece affixed to the end of the tube. Inside the mouthpiece is a smaller plastic cup which holds an absorbent material that is saturated with a flavored liquid solution that may contain nicotine.[3] This inner cup is made such that air is able to flow around it and through a hole in the end of the outer piece; this is necessary for the device to provide the ability for suction to move the vapor into the user's mouth. The mouthpiece is referred to in the industry as a "cartridge". When the liquid in the cartridge has been depleted, it can either be refilled by the user or replaced with another pre-filled cartridge.
As an alternative to the traditional plastic mouthpiece, some manufacturers have created dedicated mouthpieces just for dripping, such as Super-T manufacturing's stainless steel T-Tip drip tip.
Another alternative to using cartridges is the direct dripping method using drip tips. By removing the absorbent material, one is able to simply remove the plastic mouthpiece and drip several drops of e-liquid directly onto the atomizer bridge. To further ease dripping, some manufacturers have created specialty mouthpieces made of stainless steel or plastic that are intended just for dripping and do not require removal each time you drip.
[edit] Heating element ("atomizer")
The heating element serves to vaporize the liquid in the mouthpiece so that it can be inhaled. This component is referred to in the industry as an "atomizer". Atomizers have a finite life of about one month (on average) and are one of the recurring expenses associated with electronic cigarettes. Some models combine an atomizer and pre-filled cartridge into one disposable component referred to as a "cartomizer".
[edit] Battery and electronics
An electronic cigarette battery connected to a USB charger.
Most electronic cigarettes employ a lithium-ion rechargeable battery to power the heating element. Battery life varies depending on the battery type and size, frequency of use, and operating environment. Many different battery charger types are available, such as wall outlet, car, and USB chargers. The battery is generally the largest component of an electronic cigarette.
Some electronic cigarettes employ an electronic airflow sensor to automatically activate the heating element upon inhalation, while other models require the user to press a button while inhaling. Various other electronic circuits are usually employed as well, such as a timed cutoff switch to prevent overheating and a colored LED to signal activation of the device.
Traditionally, electronic cigarettes have utilized an electronic means of activation. This involved the use of small tactile switches, vacuum switches and the related wiring and electronics necessary to run them. Users soon discovered these could be unreliable. With the advent of "mods", several manufacturer's have created all mechanical electronic cigarettes that eliminate the use of any wiring, solder or electronics in an effort to improve switch reliability.
While some larger electronic cigarette models employ a user-replaceable standard-size battery cell, many models are too small to house a standard-size cell and instead require a proprietary component made by the electronic cigarette manufacturer. For those models, the battery and electronic components are housed within a single replaceable part, which is still generally referred to in the industry simply as the "battery".
[edit] Nicotine solution
Nicotine solutions sold separately for use in refillable cartridges are sometimes referred to as "e-liquid" or "e-juice", and commonly contain some amount of flavoring, with several different flavors available. They consist of nicotine dissolved in propylene glycol (PG) and/or glycerin (glycerol). Both PG and glycerin are common food additives.
Solutions are also available in differing nicotine concentrations, to let the user decide the amount of nicotine to be taken in. Concentrations range from Zero Nicotine, low and midrange doses (6–8 mg/ml and 10–14 mg/ml respectively), to high and extra-high doses (16–18 mg/ml and 20–54 mg/ml respectively). The concentration ratings are often printed at the e-liquid bottle or cartridge, although the standard notation "mg/ml" often gets abbreviated to just "mg". Solutions are also available that contain no nicotine at all.[2]
Some flavor varieties attempt to resemble traditional cigarette types, such as regular tobacco and menthol, and some even attempt to mimic specific cigarette brands, such as Marlboro or Camel. Fruit and other flavors are also available, such as vanilla, caramel, and coffee.
Below are some of the different liquid solution compositions available:[4][5]
Substance Recipe 1 Recipe 2 Recipe 3 Recipe 4 Recipe 5
Propylene glycol 85% 80% 90% 80% <65%
Nicotine 6% 4% 2% 0.1% <3%
Glycerol 2% 5% - 5% <20%
Tobacco essence - 4% 4.5% 1% <5%
Essence 2% - 1% 1% <5%
Organic acid 1% - - 2% <1%
Anti-oxidation agent 1% - - - -
Butyl valerate - 1% - - -
Isopentyl hexonate - 1% - - -
Lauryl laurate - 0.6% - - -
Benzyl benzoate - 0.4% - - -
Methyl octynicate - 0–5% - - -
Ethyl heptylate - 0.2% - - -
Hexyl hexanoate - 0.3% - - -
Geranyl butyrate - 2% - - -
Menthol - 0.5% - - -
Citric acid - 0.5% 2.5% - -
Water - - - 2.9% <10%
Alcohol - - - 8% -
2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine - - - - <1%
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine - - - - <1%
2,3-Dimethylpyrazine - - - - <1%
Acetylpyrazine - - - - <1%
Terpineol - - - - <1%
Ethyl maltol - - - - <1%
Guaiacol - - - - <1%
Acetylpyridine - - - - <1%
Octalactone - - - - <1%
[6] The contents of a commonly Imported tobacco flavored liquid from China.
Scientific Name CAS 6 mg Core 11 mg Core 16 mg Core
Megastigmatrienone 13215-88-8 14.00% 14.00% 14.00%
Beta-Damascenone 23696-85-7 12.00% 12.00% 12.00%
G2-Acetylpyrazine 22047-25-2 0.10% 0.10% 0.10%
2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine 123-32-0 0.20% 0.20% 0.20%
1,3-Propanediol 57-55-6 68.10% 67.60% 67.10%
L-Nicotine 54-11-5 0.60% 1.10% 1.60%
Linalool 11-05-54 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Numbers
[edit] Markets
[edit] American
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified electronic cigarettes as a drug delivery device and subject to market approval prior to sale under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). In January 2010, this classification was overturned by a federal judge, but an appeals court overruled the judge's classification on March 2010. Despite this, a number of electronic cigarette companies have emerged online. However, it is unclear what actions the FDA will take to ensure that only compliant products are on the market.
[edit] European
In April 2006, the electronic cigarette was brought to Europe, and officially launched at the "RUYAN" Overseas Promotion Conference in Austria.[7] After its introduction, this product was adapted to the European market and marketed in UK as the "electronic cigarette". In 2007, Reuters visited SBT RUYAN in Beijing, which drew media attention to the technology. According to Matt Salmon, president of the recently formed Electronic Cigarette Association, the total number of e-cigarette users was estimated to be 300,000 in October 2009, based on survey results. In his opinion, Salmon added, the actual figure was in excess of that.[8]
[edit] Health issues
The health effects of using electronic cigarettes are currently unknown. Several studies regarding the long-term health effects of inhaling nicotine vapor are currently in progress.[9]
[edit] Health effects of nicotine
Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor; it constricts arteries, making it harder for the heart to pump blood through the body. Repeated nicotine exposure contributes to accelerated coronary artery disease, acute cardiac ischemic events, and hypertension[10] Additionally, studies have shown that nicotine exposure contributes to stroke, peptic ulcer disease, and esophageal reflux.[10] Further, nicotine may cause wounds to heal more slowly and may associate with reproductive toxicity.[10] Moreover, nicotine can cause the body to release its stores of fat and cholesterol into the blood.[11]
Nicotine replacement therapies, such as nicotine gum, that were used for long periods of time may be associated with an increased risk of contracting oral cancer.[12]
[edit] Food and Drug Administration (US)
In May 2009, the US FDA's Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis tested the contents of 19 varieties of electronic cigarette cartridges produced by two vendors (NJoy and Smoking Everywhere).[13] Diethylene glycol was detected in one of the cartridges manufactured by Smoking Everywhere.[13] In addition, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) were detected in all of the cartridges from one brand and two of the cartridges from the other brand. The study found that the actual nicotine levels did not always correspond to the amount of nicotine the cartridges purported to contain[13] The analysis found traces of nicotine in some cartridges that claimed to be nicotine-free.[13] Further concerns were raised over inconsistent amounts of nicotine delivered when drawing on the device.[14] In July 2009, the FDA issued a press release discouraging the use of electronic cigarettes and repeating previously stated concerns that electronic cigarettes may be marketed to young people and lack appropriate health warnings.[15]
In response to the FDA study, the Electronic Cigarette Association said that the testing was too "narrow to reach any valid and reliable conclusions.”[13] The FDA's study was reviewed in July 2009 by scientific consulting firm Exponent, Inc., in a report commissioned by the manufacturer of one of the electronic cigarettes tested by the FDA. Some of the criticisms in Exponent's report are poor standards of documentation and analysis. Exponent lists previous studies that have detected TSNA levels in FDA-approved nicotine replacement therapy products comparable to those the FDA detected in their study, and objects to the FDA making no comparisons to such products in their analysis of electronic cigarettes. Ultimately the review concludes that the FDA's study did not support the claims of potential adverse health effects from the use of electronic cigarettes.[16]
[edit] American Association of Public Health Physicians
The American Association of Public Health Physicians has stated that the electronic cigarette is at least a thousand times less hazardous to human health than regular cigarettes, and supports legalization.[17]
[edit] Health Canada
On March 27, 2009, Health Canada issued an advisory against electronic cigarettes. The advisory stated "Although these electronic smoking products may be marketed as a safer alternative to conventional tobacco products and, in some cases, as an aid to quitting smoking, electronic smoking products may pose risks such as nicotine poisoning and addiction."[18]
[edit] World Health Organization
The World Health Organization proclaimed in September 2008 that it does not consider the electronic cigarette to be a legitimate smoking cessation aid, and demanded that marketers immediately remove from their materials any suggestions that the WHO considers electronic cigarettes safe and effective.[19] The WHO states that to its knowledge, "no rigorous, peer-reviewed studies have been conducted showing that the electronic cigarette is a safe and effective nicotine replacement therapy. WHO does not discount the possibility that the electronic cigarette could be useful as a smoking cessation aid." WHO Tobacco Free Initiative director ad interim Douglas Bettcher states, "If the marketers of the electronic cigarette want to help smokers quit, then they need to conduct clinical studies and toxicity analyses and operate within the proper regulatory framework. Until they do that, WHO cannot consider the electronic cigarette to be an appropriate nicotine replacement therapy, and it certainly cannot accept false suggestions that it has approved and endorsed the product."
[edit] Health New Zealand Ltd. study
In 2008, Dr. Murray Laugesen, of Health New Zealand, published a report on the safety of Ruyan electronic cigarette cartridges. Ruyan funded the research, but both Dr. Laugesen and the WHO claim that the research is independent.[20] The presence of trace amounts of TSNAs in electronic cigarette vapor was documented in the analysis. The results also indicated that the level of nicotine in the electronic cigarette cartridges was not different from the concentration of nicotine found in nicotine patches.[20] John Britton, a lung specialist at the University of Nottingham, UK and chair of the Royal College of Physicians Tobacco Advisory Group said “if the levels are as low as in nicotine replacement therapy, I don’t think there will be much of a problem.”[20] The study conducted detailed quantitative analysis and concluded that carcinogens and toxicants are present only below harmful levels. The final conclusion of the safety report is: "Based on the manufacturer’s information, the composition of the cartridge liquid is not hazardous to health, if used as intended."[21]
[edit] Harm reduction
Public health advocates often promote harm reduction strategies in order to reduce tobacco-related morbidity. There are two major approaches to harm reduction in tobacco. The first is the use of medicinal nicotine replacement therapies such as gum, patches, or inhalers, and the second is the use of tobacco products that claim to contain fewer carcinogens or lower levels of nicotine than regular cigarettes. Manufacturers are promoting electronic cigarettes as a safer alternative to smoking cigarettes, claiming that most of the harmful material produced by the combustion of tobacco in traditional cigarettes is not present in the atomized liquid of electronic cigarettes. Despite claims that electronic cigarettes are safer, manufactures include warning labels with their products. For instance, the following advisory appears on the website of Green Smoke, a electronic cigarette company: “Warning: Nicotine is highly addictive. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or mitigate any disease or condition.”[22]
According to Cancer Research UK, "For a smoker, the health hazards of continuing to smoke greatly outweigh any potential risks of using NRT".[23] It may be worth noting, however, that while electronic cigarettes are purported to deliver nicotine to the user in a manner similar to that of a Nicotrol inhaler, no electronic cigarette has yet been approved as a medicinal NRT product or undergone the extensive clinical testing necessary for such approval. Moreover, doubts have been raised as to whether electronic cigarettes actually deliver any substantial amount of nicotine at all.[24]
Though some have marketed electronic cigarettes as a way to curtail an addiction to nicotine,[25] international health organizations have stated they may not be marketed as a cessation device.[19] A number of regulatory agencies have issued warnings regarding the health effects of these products. The recently formed Electronic Cigarette Association aims to eliminate unsubstantiated health claims made by electronic cigarette companies, and those companies that wish to participate in the association must agree to refrain from making such claims.[26][27] In a recent online survey from November 2009 among 303 smokers, it was found that e-cigarette substitution for tobacco cigarettes resulted in perceived health benefits, when compared to smoking conventional cigarettes (less cough, higher ability to do exercise, and a better sense of taste and smell).[28]
[edit] Legal status by region
Because of the relative novelty of the technology and the possible relationship to tobacco laws and medical drug policies, electronic cigarette legislation and public health investigations are currently pending in many countries.
* In Australia, the sale of electronic cigarettes containing nicotine is illegal.[29][30]
* In Brazil electronic cigarettes sales, importation or advertisement of any kind are forbidden. Anvisa, the Brazilian health and sanitation federal agency, found the current health safety assessments about e-cigarettes not to be yet satisfactory to make the product eligible to be approved for commercialization.[31]
* In Canada, as of March 2009, imports, sales, and advertising are banned. In March 2009, Health Canada also advised Canadians not to purchase or use any electronic smoking products. Health Canada cited the Food and Drugs Act, stating that electronic smoking products containing nicotine require market authorization before they can be imported, marketed, or sold. No market authorization has been granted for any electronic smoking product.[18]
* In Denmark, the Danish Medicines Agency classifies electronic cigarettes containing nicotine as medicinal products. Thus, authorization is required from the retailer before the product may be marketed and sold. The agency has clarified, however, that electronic cigarettes that do not administer nicotine to the user, and are not otherwise used for the prevention or treatment of disease, are not considered medicinal devices.[32] The use of electronic cigarettes has not been prohibited in Copenhagen Airport, but at least one airline (Scandinavian Airlines) has decided to ban their use onboard flights.[33]
* In Netherlands, use and sale of electronic cigarettes is allowed, but advertising is forbidden pending European Union legislation.[34]
* In New Zealand, the Ministry of Health has ruled that the Ruyan e-cigarette falls under the requirements of the Medicines Act, and cannot be sold except as a registered medicine.[2]
* In Panama, importation, distribution and sale has been prohibited since June 2009. The Ministry of Health cites the FDA findings as their reason for the ban.[35]
* In Singapore, the sale and import of electronic cigarettes, even for personal consumption, is illegal.[36]
* In United Kingdom, use and sale of electronic cigarettes is currently unrestricted, although the MHRA has proposed bringing all nicotine products except tobacco within the medicines licensing regime.[37]
* In Italy, use and sales of electronic cigarettes is permitted but all products containing Nicotine must be labelled with hazardous symbols as per Directive 2001/95/CE and 1999/45/CE.[citation needed]
[edit] European Union
Directive 2001/95/EC(6) on general product safety applies in so far as there are no specific provisions with the same objective in other EC law. This directive provides for restrictive or preventive measures to be taken if the product is found to be dangerous to the health and safety of consumers.
Whether ecigs could be regarded as falling under Directive 93/42/EEC on medical devices depends on the claimed intended use and whether this intended use has a medical purpose. ”It is for each national authority to decide, account being taken of all the characteristics of the product, whether it falls within the definition of a medicinal product by its function or presentation.“[38]
Electronic cigarettes may fall under the definition of a medicinal product laid down in Directive 2001/83/EC, either if the product is presented as a remedy against nicotine addiction or if it is qualified as restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions.[39]
[edit] United States
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified electronic cigarettes as drug delivery device and subject to regulation under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). As a result, they require market authorization prior to importation and sale into the country. This classification was overruled by Judge Richard J. Leon citing that “the devices should be regulated as tobacco products rather than drug or medical products” ".[40] Leon continued, saying “This case appears to be yet another example of F.D.A.’s aggressive efforts to regulate recreational tobacco products as drugs or devices”. However, a US Court of Appeal upheld the FDA's original classification in March 2010 allowing them to restrict and ban unauthorized products. The FDA argued the right to regulate electronic cigarettes based on their previous ability to regulate nicotine replacement therapies such as nicotine gum or patches. Further, the agency argued that tobacco legislation enacted last year "expressly excludes from the definition of 'tobacco product' any article that is a drug, device or combination product under the FDCA, and provides that such articles shall be subject to regulation under the pre-existing FDCA provisions."[41]
In addition to this, states have begun to consider either including electronic cigarettes in bans that affect tobacco or banning their sale entirely. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoed a bill that would ban the sale of electronic cigarettes within the state on grounds that “if adults want to purchase and consume these products with an understanding of the associated health risks, they should be able to do so."[42] The fact that California has some of the strictest cigarette laws in the country further complicates the picture. Further, the state of New Jersey has recently sought to include the electronic cigarette under the New Jersey Smoke Free Air Act. One of the main justifications New Jersey Assemblywoman Connie Wagner seeks to use is the flavoring of electric cigarettes.[43] On September 22, 2009, under the authorization of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act banned flavored tobacco (with the notable exception of menthol cigarettes) due to its potential appeal to children.[44] Ms. Wagner advocates that the use of flavorings such as chocolate could encourage childhood use and serve as a gateway to cigarette smoking.[44] In addition to New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York and Pennsylvania have begun efforts to restrict electronic cigarette use in various forms.
New Hampshire’s reform campaign fits into its own dynamic and unique category. In New Hampshire a group of students, partnered with a group called “Breathe New Hampshire” petitioned the state government to ban the sale of electronic cigarettes to minors. While sale of electronic cigarettes to minors remains legal, some worry that electronic cigarettes will serve as a gateway to smoking cigarettes. One teen involved in the legal proceedings claims that her peers will see electronic cigarettes as similar to “having a new cell phone. It’s cool. It’s electronic.”[45]
Arizona has a planned ban of selling electronic cigarettes to minors.[46]
[edit] See also
* Dissolvable tobacco
* Nicotine
* Passive Smoking
* Smoking ban
* Smoking cessation
* Snus
* WHO
[edit] References
1. ^ Paul Courson (2010-02-09). "Study: Electronic cigarettes dont deliver". CNN (Washington). http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/08/e.cigarette/?hpt=Sbin. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
2. ^ a b c Health New Zealand (2007-10-17). "The Ruyan e-cigarette; Technical Information Sheet". Health New Zealand. http://www.healthnz.co.nz/Ruyan_ecigarette.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
3. ^ See the chapter #Nicotine solution for a more extensive ingredients list.
4. ^ Hon Lik (2004-03-08). "EP patent application 1618803: A flameless electronic atomizing cigarette". Patent granted 2008-12-03.. http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=EP&NR=1618803A1&KC=A1&FT=D&date=20060125&DB=&locale=. Retrieved 2006-01-25.
5. ^ Scientific Analysis Laboratories (2009-07-14). "Analysis of the Content of Totally Wicked eLiquid, from Pill Box 38 (UK) Ltd". Totally Wicked eLiquid Lab Reports.. http://www.totallywicked-eliquid.com/about-the-fluid/lab-reports.html. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
6. ^ Ingredient list submitted by: Shenzhen Bauway Technology Co Ltd PRC (2010-03-04). "Content of Domestic Vapor imported tobacco flavored eliquid". Import Liquid composition. http://www.domesticvapor.com/importliquid.html. Retrieved 2010-03-04.
7. ^ Ruyan official website (2006-04-02). "Ruyan history (2004-2007)". Ruyan official website. http://www.ruyan.com.cn/operNews.do?action=cNewList&info_sort=12&page=1. Retrieved 2009-11-05.
8. ^ Ron Scherer (2009-10-17). "Electronic cigarettes: In need of FDA regulation?". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2009/1017/p02s03-ussc.html. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
9. ^ McLean, Mike. "A New Potential Market Lights Up". http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=12&hid=15&sid=04abb330-3b66-41fb-ac8c-ff980302503b%40sessionmgr13. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
10. ^ a b c Wollscheid, Kristine. "Electronic Cigarettes: Safety Concerns and Regulatory Issues". http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=15&hid=15&sid=04abb330-3b66-41fb-ac8c-ff980302503b%40sessionmgr13. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
11. ^ Wack, Jeffrey. "Smoking and Its Effects on Body Weight and the Systems of Caloric Regulation". http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/35/2/366. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
12. ^ Henderson, Mark. "Cancer Risk of Nicotine Gum and Lozenges Higher than Thought". http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article6143744.ece. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
13. ^ a b c d e Zezima, Katie. "Analysis Finds Toxic Substances in Electronic Cigarettes". http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/23/health/policy/23fda.html. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
14. ^ FDA (2009-05-04). "Evaluation of e-cigarettes". Food and Drug Administration (US) -center for drug evaluation and research. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ScienceResearch/UCM173250.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
15. ^ FDA (2009-07-22). "FDA and Public Health Experts Warn About Electronic Cigarettes". Food and Drug Administration (US). http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm173222.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
16. ^ Janci Lindsay (2009-07-30). "Technical Review and Analysis of FDA Report: Evaluation of e-cigarettes". Exponent Health Sciences. http://www.ecassoc.org/downloads/Response-to-the-FDA-Summary.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
17. ^ AAPHP.org
18. ^ a b Health Canada (2009-03-27). "Health Canada Advises Canadians Not to Use Electronic Cigarettes". Health Canada advisory. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2009/2009_53-eng.php. Retrieved 2009-03-27.
19. ^ a b WHO news media center (2008-09-19). "Marketers of electronic cigarettes should halt unproved therapy claims". WHO Tobacco Free Initiative. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2008/pr34/en/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
20. ^ a b c Thomson, Helen. "iSmoke". http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=18&hid=15&sid=04abb330-3b66-41fb-ac8c-ff980302503b%40sessionmgr13&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=36586464. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
21. ^ Murray Laugesen (2008-10-30). "Safety Report on the Ruyan e-cigarette Cartridge and Inhaled Aerosol". Health New Zealand Ltd. http://www.healthnz.co.nz/RuyanCartridgeReport30-Oct-08.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
22. ^ Green Smoke, Green Smoke. "Green Smoke". http://www.greensmoke.com. Retrieved 04 26 2010.
23. ^ Cancer research UK (2009-04-24). "Can nicotine gum cause mouth cancer". http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2009/04/24/can-nicotine-gum-cause-mouth-cancer/. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
24. ^ CNN (2010-02-09). "E-Cigarettes Don't Deliver". http://edition.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/08/e.cigarette/index.html.
25. ^ Brooke Donovan (2008-02-27). "Fake aims to kill the urge to puff". The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10494763. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
26. ^ Electronic Cigarette Association (2009-08-01). "Application for Business Membership in the ECA". ECA located in Washington DC. http://www.ecassoc.org/downloads/ECA_Member_App_Aug09.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
27. ^ Matt Salmon (2009-07-28). "ECA president response to FDA". Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCNqwIZ5_k0. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
28. ^ Heavner, Dunworth, Bergen, Nissen, Phillips (2009-11-26). "Results of an online survey of e-cigarette users". Tobacco Harm Reduction (University of Alberta). http://tobaccoharmreduction.org/wpapers/011v1.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
29. ^ Helen Parker and Chloe Lake (2009-01-19). "E-cigarettes being sold online". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0,28348,24930638-5014239,00.html. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
30. ^ Therapeutic Goods Administration (2008-10-15). "National Drugs and Poisons Schedule Committee -record of reasons of meeting 54". Australian Government Department of_Health and Ageing Therapeutic Goods Administration: NDPSC document (chapter 12.1.3 at p.126-144). http://www.tga.gov.au/ndpsc/record/rr200810.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
31. ^ Neri Vitor Eich (2009-08-31). "ANVISA proibe comercializacao do cigarro eletronico". Estado.com.br. http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,anvisa-proibe-comercializacao-do-cigarro-eletronico,427373,0.htm. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
32. ^ Danish Medicines Agency (2009-03-09). "Classification of electronic cigarettes". Danish Medicines Agency. http://www.dkma.dk/1024/visUKLSArtikel.asp?artikelID=14819&print=true. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
33. ^ Jakob Kjær (2009-05-07). "El-smøger smyger sig uden om rygeloven". Politiken.dk. http://politiken.dk/tjek/dagligliv/sundhed/article705810.ece. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
34. ^ Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (2008-01-28). "Health minister seeks European consensus on e-cigarette". MinVWS.nl. http://www.minvws.nl/en/nieuwsberichten/gmt/2008/klink-seeks-consensus-e-cig.asp. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
35. ^ Yaritza Gricel Mojica (2009-10-22). "Advierten sobre cigarrillos con veneno". Prensa.com (Panama). http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2009/10/22/hoy/panorama/1969677.asp. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
36. ^ Teh Joo Lin (2009-12-23). "13 warned or fined over e-cigarettes". Asiaone News (The Straits Times). http://www.asiaone.com/News/the%2BStraits%2BTimes/Story/A1Story20091223-187528.html. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
37. ^ UK MHRA (2010-02-01). "Public consultation (MLX 364)". http://www.mhra.gov.uk/Publications/Consultations/Medicinesconsultations/MLXs/CON065617.
38. ^ Orientation Note: Electronic Cigarettes and the EC Legislation
39. ^ Answer given by Ms Vassiliou on behalf of the Commission
40. ^ Duff Wilson (2010-01-14). "Judge Orders F.D.A. to Stop Blocking Imports of E-Cigarettes From China". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/15/business/15smoke.html. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
41. ^ AAFP.org
42. ^ Arnold Schwarzenegger (2009-10-12). "SB 400 Senate Bill -Veto". California State Senate. http://leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_0351-0400/sb_400_vt_20091012.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
43. ^ Livio, Susan K. (7 December 2009). "N. J. Assembly Approves E-Cigarette Ban". http://www.northjersey.com/news/state/120709_NJ_Assembly_committee_approves_e-cigarette_ban.html.
44. ^ a b U.S. Food and Drug Administration (15 January 2010). "Flavored Tobacco". http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/ProtectingKidsfromTobacco/FlavoredTobacco/default.htm.
45. ^ Love, Norma (14 March 2010). "N.H. Teen Leads Push to Ban E-Cigarettes". http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2010/03/14/nh_teen_leads_push_to_ban_e_cigarettes/.
46. ^ Azleg.gov
Merokok Memang Ternyata Nikmat
Merokok Memang Ternyata Nikmat
2010
02.11
Bismillahirrohamnirrohim
Ditulis oleh Carko Budiyanto
Merokok Memang Ternyata Nikmat
rokok1Pembahasan masalah rokok, sudah banyak sekali dilakukan. Bahkan mungkin, kita sampai bosan mendengarnya. Namun, yang membuat saya tergerak untuk menulis artikel ini adalah banyaknya mahasiswa yang ternyata merokok. Bahkan tidak aneh lagi, sekarang anak SMP dan SMA pun pegangannya rokok. Yang menjadi pertanyaan, kenapa hal tersebut bisa terjadi? Apa memang merokok itu enak?
Artikel ini adalah artikel saya yang kedua yang diterbitkan di blog ini. Artikel pertama saya berjudul ”Merokok dalam Pandangan Kedokteran dan Islam”. Artikel kedua ini judulnya cukup berlawanan dengan yang pertama. Mungkin Anda penasaran, kenapa artikel ini diberi judul ”Merokok Memang Ternyata Nikmat”. Artikel ini adalah kisah nyata. Dengan membaca artikel ini Anda akan mengetahui betapa nikmatnya merokok. Untuk itu, atur napas Anda terlebih dahulu, jangan memberi komentar, kemudian mari kita baca dengan penuh perhatian. Insya Alloh Anda akan mendapat jawabannya.
Langkah Pertama
Untuk mengetahui betapa nikmatnya merokok, alangkah baiknya, kita mengetahui alasan kenapa seseorang merokok. Dokter Daniel Horn mengatakan bahwa secara umum, seorang dewasa merokok karena :
1. untuk merangsang perasaan
2. karena sudah kecanduan
3. mengurangi perasaan negatif
4. untuk santai.
Sedangkan pada remaja, berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Charles Gilbert Wernn dan Shirley Schwarzrock, para anak muda merokok karena :
1. hanya sekedar ikut-ikutan teman; teman saya merokok, jadinya saya juga merokok.
2. hanya iseng-iseng saja, pengen coba-coba.
3. biar kayak orang dewasa.
4. bosan, tidak ada kerjaan.
Yang saya tekankan adalah alasan remaja merokok (terutama anak sekolah dan mahasiswa). Karena orang dewasa yang merokok biasanya diawali saat mereka kecil dan masih muda, akhirnya menjadi kecanduan. Faktor yang paling besar dan utama kenapa mahasiswa merokok adalah hanya sekedar ikut-ikutan teman. Ketika mereka bergaul dan berada di suatu lingkunngan yang di lingkungan tersebut banyak perokoknya, maka otomatis, untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan, agar dianggap sama dan diakui di lingkungan tersebut, dia akan membuat dirinya sama dengan lingkungannya.
Alasan selanjutnya adalah hanya iseng. Seorang pemuda itu biasanya suka sesuatu yang menantang dan terlarang. Suka mencoba hal baru. Bahkan banyak mahasiswa yang kalau disuruh mengisi biodata, pada pertanyaan hobbi, mereka menjawab, hobbi saya adalah suka mencoba hal yang baru. Nah, yang menjadi masalah, mereka tidak berpikir apakah hal baru tersebut baik atau tidak untuk dirinya. Yang menjadi patokan buat mereka adalah yang penting happy.
Urutan ketiga, mereka merokok, biar kayak orang dewasa. Mahasiswa itu adalah orang yang susah di atur dalam kehidupannya. Kalau orang tua menasihati, mereka menjawab, ”Saya bukan anak kecil lagi, Pak.”. Mereka merasa seolah-olah sudah dewasa dan bisa menentukan pilihan sendiri. Nah, salah satu cara mengekspresikan kedewasaan mereka adalah meniru orang dewasa, antara lain merokok. ”Kalau merokok itu lebih punya tested”, katanya.
Alasan keempat adalah karena kurang kerjaan. Mereka merasa bosan dengan kegiatan mereka sehari-hari. Mereka berpikir, ” Ngapain sih belajar terus, ini kan masa muda, hidup tu cuman sekali, besok kita tua. Kalau kamu gak seneng-seneng sekarang, kapan lagi. Rugi nanti, masa sudah sebesar ini belum merasakan rokok”.
Nah, dari semua alasan tadi, tidak ada satu pun alasan yang logis. Semua alasannya tidak dipikir dengan jernih dan matang. Alasan tersebut adalah alasan kekanak-kanakan. Semuanya hanya mengikuti hawa nafsu dan keinginan. Karena hawa nafsu yang besar itulah, mereka membuang akal pikiran mereka. Coba Anda tanyakan pada mereka yang merokok, ”Apakah kalian tahu bahaya merokok?”. Niscaya mereka akan menjawab, ”Merokok membahayakan kesehatan”.
Kalau seperti ini, dimana slogan yang kalian dengung-dengungkan? Bukankah kalian selalu berteriak, ”Kita ini mahasiswa, kita adalah orang terpelajar. Kita ini penerus bangsa. Kita harus peduli terhadap nasib rakyat bangsa ini”. Bahkan kalian berdemo di jalanan menuntut perbaikan orang lain. Lalu bagaimana dengan kalian sendiri, kalian merusak tubuh kalian sendiri. Memanage diri sendiri saja, kalian tidak bisa. Mana slogan kalian dan mana otak kalian? Mana jiwa pendidikan kalian??!
Baik, mari kita atur napas dulu. Bagaimana perasaan Anda, apakah Anda sudah menemukan bahwa merokok itu memang ternyata nikmat? Atau malah sebaliknya? Ehmm……
Kalau Anda belum menemukannya, berarti Anda harus melanjutkan untuk membaca artikel ini.
Langkah Kedua
Langkah kedua ini akan membahas apa sih sebenarnya bahan yang terkandung di dalam rokok yang membuat rokok itu terasa nikmat saat dihirup. Di dalam rokok itu ada tidak bahan yang justru membuat badan menjadi sehat? Penasaran?
Mari kita baca!
Menurut para pakar kesehatan, di dalam sebatang rokok yang dihisap terdapat kurang lebih 3000 macam bahan kimia. Dari jumlah yang sebanyak itu, ternyata baru 700 macam yang populer.
1. Acrolein
Merupakan zat cair tidak berwarna, seperti aldehide. Zat ini diperoleh dengan mengambil cairan dari glyceril atau dengan mengeringkannya. Zat ini sedikit banyaknya mengandung kadar alkohol. Dengan kata lain, acrolein adalah alkohol yang cairannya telah diambil. Cairan ini sangat mengganggu kesehatan. Atas dasar inilah, kenapa dalam Islam rokok diharamkan. Islam sangat melarang sesuatu yang mengandung alkohol. Bukan hanya untuk dimakan, untuk dilumurkan ke tubuh dan semisalnya pun juga haram, misalnya minyak wangi yang mengandung alkohol. Apalagi cairan ini dapat merugikan kesehatan, padahal Islam sangat melarang sesuatu yang merugikan diri sendiri.
1. Karbon monoksida
Adalah gas yang tidak berbau, yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran yang tidak sempurna dari unsur arang atau karbon. Zat ini sangat beracun. Karbon monoksida dapat dibawa oleh hemoglobin ke dalam otot-otot dan seluruh tubuh. Karbon monoksida dapat mendesak ikatan oksigen dengan hemoglobin sehingga hemoglobin menjadi berikatan dengannya dan melepas oksigen. Akhirnya tubuh akan kekurangan oksigen. Seorang perokok akan menjadi mudah lelah dan tidak kuat untuk melakukan pekerjaan yang membutuhkan oksigen dan energi lebih banyak daripada bila orang tersebut tidak merokok.
Sangat memprihatinkan bagi seorang perokok yang katanya lebih jantan. Justru dia kehilangan kekuatan dan kejantanannya. Ketika berhubungan seksual misalnya, saat itu butuh energi yang banyak. Kalau dia loyo, bagaimana bisa bersenang-senang dengan istrinya?
1. Nikotin
Adalah cairan berminyak yang tidak berwarna dan dapat membuat rasa perih yang sangat. Nikotin itu menghalangi kontraksi rasa lapar. Itu sebabnya seseorang menjadi tidak lapar karena merokok. Orang tersebut akan kekurangan asupan nutrisi sehingga tubuhnya menjadi lebih rentan terhadap penyakit.
1. Amonia
Adalah gas yang tidak berwarna yang terdiri dari nitrogen dan hidrogen. Zat ini sangat tajam baunya dan sangat merangsang. Amonia sangat mudah memasuki sel-sel tubuh. Mungkin bagi Anda yang pernah duduk di bangku SMA, pernah melakukan percobaan kimia tentang amonia. Bagaimana baunya? Tantu Anda bisa menjawabnya. Dan yang paling penting, amonia sangat beracun. Begitu kerasnya racun yang terdapat pada amonia, sehingga kalau disuntikan sedikitpun ke dalam peredaran darah, akan mengakibatkan seseorang pingsan atau koma.
1. Formic acid
Adalah cairan tidak berwarna yang dapat bergerak bebas dan dapat membuat lepuh. Cairan ini sangat tajam dan menusuk baunya. Zat ini dapat menyebabkan seseorang seperti merasa digigit semut. Asam ini bila kadarnya meningkat dalam darah, akan membuat napas menjadi cepat.
1. Hydrogen Cyanida
Adalah gas yang tidak berbau, tidak berwarna, dan tidak berasa. Zat ini mudah terbakar. Zat ini dapat mengganggu proses pernapasan. Cyanida sendiri adalah zat racun yang dapat menyebabkan kematian.
1. Nitrous oxide
Adalah gas tidak berwarna, yang dapat membuat tubuh fly (melayang seperti habis makan narkoba). Pada mulanya, zat ini digunakan sebagai bius saat dilakukan operasi.
1. Formalin
Gas ini biasa digunakan sebagai pengawet dan pembasmi hama. Bila masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia (baik dengan dimakan, ataupun dihirup, dll) dapat menyebabkan kanker.
1. Fenol
Adalah bahan yang sangat beracun. Fenol dapat terikat dengan protein dan menghalangi aktivitas enzim. Kalau enzim dalam tubuh tidak bekerja dengan baik, maka metabolisme tubuh akan terganggu.
1. Acetol
Adalah zat hasil pemanasan dari aldehide dan mudah menguap dengan alkohol.
1. Hydrogen sulfide
Adalah zat beracun yang mudah terbakar.
1. Pyridine
Adalah sejenis cairan tidak berwarna yang terdapat dalam tembakau, ter arang, dan dari pembusukan sejenis alkohol. Zat ini dapat digunakan mengubah sifat alkohol sebagai pelarut dan pembunuh hama.
1. Methyl cloride
Adalah campuran zat-zat bervalensi satu dengan unsur utamanya hidrogen dan karbon. Uapnya dapat digunakan sebagai bius.
1. Methanol
Meminum atau menghisap metanol dapat menyebabkan kebutaan.
1. Tar
Sejenis cairan kental berwarna coklat tua yang diperoleh dengan cara distilasi arang. Zat ini merupakan karsinogen (zat yang menimbulkan kanker).
Demikian beberapa zat dalam rokok yang mampu saya uraikan. Di akhir langkah kedua ini, apakah Anda sudah menemukan bahwa merokok memang ternyata nikmat?
Belum???
Wah, Anda mungkin membacanya kurang serius! Coba sekali lagi Anda membaca dengan teliti dan baik-baik. Renungkan dalam hati dan pikiran Anda.
Anda tahu sekarang, dalam sebatang rokok yang kecil itu, ternyata banyak mengandung bahan-bahan yang bisa dibilang itu adalah racun. Nah, sekarang ketemu kan nikmatnya! Rokok itu memang nikmat bagi orang-orang yang biasa berpikir memakai jempol kaki. Memang punya kepala, tapi isinya cuma asap, tidak ada otaknya. Kalau memang Anda mahasiswa yang biasa berpikir pakai otak, tentu Anda akan ketakutan, menyesal, dan sangat benci pada rokok. Apalagi Anda sudah mengetahui apa isi dari rokok tersebut. Isinya RACUN.
Mungkin Anda memang orang yang berputus asa. Anda mungkin tidak ingin hidup lama di dunia ini. Oleh karena itu, salah satu cara bunuh diri yang paling nikmat adalah dengan merokok. Perlahan-lahan, tidak disadari, tau-tau kena kanker paru, mati deh……….
Langkah Ketiga
Dilangkah ketiga ini, untuk lebih menyempurnakan pengetahuan dan lebih membuat Anda sadar bahwa rokok itu memang nikmat bagi orang bodoh, saya akan sebutkan beberapa penyakit yang disebabkan oleh rokok. Namun, saya tidak mau berpanjang lebar, karena hal ini pernah saya bahas dalam artikel saya yang pertama. Silakan merujuk kesana. (Atau klik disini)
Jenis-jenis penyakit yang sering membawa maut akibat merokok adalah sebagai berikut : penyakit kanker, panyakit jantung, bronkitis kronis, emfisema, penyakit pencernaan, radang lambung, serta kelumpuhan otak.
Anda mungkin sering mendengar penyakit di atas. Namun, Anda tidak merasa takut karena memang Anda tidak pernah bertemu atau pernah bertemu tapi tidak tahu, dengan orang yang menderita kanker, penyakit jantung, PPOK. Jika Anda pergi ke Rumah Sakit, Anda akan menjumpai betapa banyak orang yang sakit tersebut. Kalau Anda menanyakan kepada mereka tentang kebiasaan mereka. Mereka sebagian besar akan menjawab, ”Saya adalah perokok”.
Akankah yang berada disana selanjutnya adalah Anda????
Sekarang mungkin Anda masih merasa sehat, karena memang Anda masih muda, tubuh masih bisa mengkompensasi kerusakan yang ada. Namun, beberapa tahun lagi, kita tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi. Mungkinkah tiba-tiba Anda akan kehilangan napsu makan, sering batuk dan sesak, dan segudang keluhan lainnya. Jawabannya adalah mungkin sekali, karena perokok itu memiliki peluang terjadinya penyakit adalah 10 kali lipat daripada orang yang tidak merokok.
Anda masih berani mengatakan bahwa merokok itu memang nikmat?
Anda masih berani menghirup racun tersebut?
Kalau Anda merasa takut. Berarti otak Anda masih jalan. Lalu bagaimana selanjutnya? Apakah cukup hanya takut saja? Tentu tidak, mulai detik ini Anda harus meninggalkan rokok.
Apakah Anda akan menjawab, ”Susah Bung!”
Maka saya katakan, ”Tidak wahai temanku! Belum lemah solusi dan belum sempit jalan keluar bagimu. Setiap penyakit pasti ada obatnya. Setiap masalah pasti ada jalan keluarnya. Tidak ada gembok melainkan ada kuncinya, bila ada gembok tapi tidak ada kunci maka apa artinya sebuah gembok”.
Langkah Keempat
Saya katakan, ”Wahai temanku yang aku cintai. Hidup mahasiswa!! Apa yang Anda inginkan akan Anda jumpai selama Anda mau mencarinya, mengusahakannya, dan mendatangi pintunya dan mengambil sebab-sebabnya. Berikut ini akan saya uraikan cara mengobati penyakitmu tersebut.
1. Yakinlah bahwa Anda dapat berhenti merokok
Setelah Anda mengetahui bahaya dan dampak negatif merokok, masukkan ke dalam benakmu. Kemudian niatkan di dalam benakmu bahwa Engkau dapat berhenti merokok.
Anda sebagai mahasiswa, tentunya Anda masih muda dan memiliki harapan dan cita-cita yang besar di masa depan. Anda pasti ingin menikah, ingin punya istri yang cantik, istri yang seksi, punya anak yang imut dan lucu. Betapa indahnya bila hal tersebut terlaksana. Namun, bila Anda merokok. Anda terkena impotensi. Penis Anda tidak bisa berdiri. Kalau bisa berdiri pun hanya sebentar, lalu ejakulasi dini. Betapa kasihannya Anda. Anda tidak bisa menikmati istri yang cantik tersebut. Anda tidak bisa mendapatkan anak yang lucu. Baru sebentar menikah Anda akan bercerai karena istri Anda merasa tidak puas dengan pelayanan Anda.
Mau seperti itu????
Kalau Anda tidak mau seperti itu. Ayo, berhenti merokok!
Yakinkan pada diri Anda bahwa Anda bisa berhenti merokok sekarang juga. Sekarang juga. Sekarang juga. Sekarang juga.
1. Ikhlas dan jujur
Yang dimaksud ikhlas adalah Anda berhenti merokok hanya untuk mendapat ridho dan berkah dari Alloh. Jujur adalah Anda menanamkan dalam hati bahwa memang Anda benar-benar menyesal dan ingin berhenti merokok. Bukan hanya ucapan di mulut. Bukan cuma angan-angan.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
Saya mau berhenti merokok, saya bisa berhenti merokok, saya berhenti merokok sekarang juga.
1. Banyak beribadah dan mendekatkan diri kepada Alloh subhanahuwataala.
Langkah selanjutnya adalah Anda mulai detik ini bertekad untuk meningkatkan ibadah kepada Alloh subhanahu wataala. Anda datangi majelis ilmu (kajian-kajian Islami). Anda berdoa kepada Alloh, meminta pertolongan-Nya, agar Anda dimudahkan untuk berhenti merokok.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
ROKOK ADALAH RACUN
ROKOK MENYEBABKAN IMPOTEN
AKU BENCI ROKOK
1. Sabar
Tidak diragukan lagi bahwa siapa saja yang ingin meninggalkan aktivitas merokok akan menjumpai kepayahan yang besar, mirip seperti ketika kecanduan narkoba, khususnya pada awal permulaan. Melepaskan diri dari merokok sangat berat bagi jiwa, akan tetapi hal itu bukanlah suatu alasan dan bukan pula kilah.
Tingkat kesulitan dalam meninggalkannya terpendam dalam kuatnya himpitan kebiasaan. Anda akan merasakan sedih pada minggu-minggu awal Anda berhenti merokok. Ditambah lagi kuatnya keinginan untuk merokok. Pada keadaan inilah sering orang-orang yang ingin berhenti merokok menjadi gagal. Hanya orang-orang yang bersabar lah yang mampu melewatinya. Karena kesulitan tersebut sedikit demi sedikit akan melemah hingga akhirnya menghilang.
Dalam langkah ini, Anda harus menyadari bahwa bersabar dari apa yang Anda rasakan, itu lebih baik daripada Anda harus bersabar nantinya saat Anda menderita penyakit akibat rokok. Coba pilih mana? Apakah Anda lebih memilih untuk bersabar ketika Anda menderita kanker, atau Anda lebih memilih bersabar ketika Anda tidak bisa menikmati hubungan seksual dengan istri Anda? Tentu, sebagai seorang yang berakal, Anda akan menjauhi kesengsaraan tersebut.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
ROKOK ITU TAI
ROKOK ITU KOTORAN
ENYAH KAU ROKOK DARI HADAPANKU
1. Buatlah diri Anda sibuk
Waktu luang, datang sebagai sebab utama yang mengantarkan seseorang untuk merokok. Seperti sudah disebutkan di langkah yang pertama bahwa penyebab remaja merokok adalah karena bosan tidak ada kerjaan.
Pada hari pertama Anda menentukan untuk berhenti merokok, rencanakanlah suatu pekerjaan yang membuat Anda sibuk sepanjang hari. Di tempat kesibukan Anda jangan lah ada sebatang rokok pun dan jangan pula ada orang lain yang merokok. Di tempat Anda bekerja, tempelkan tulisan ”Dilarang merokok”. Buatlah hal ini sampai 5 hari atau seminggu, karena sesudah 5 hari tidak merokok, maka Anda tidak terlalu lagi menyukai asap rokok.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
STOP MEROKOK
I HATE SMOKING
1. Menjauh dari hal yang bisa mengingatkan aktivitas merokok
Mendekat adalah kesengsaraan dan musibah, sedang menjauh adalah kemanisan, kegigihan, dan kemuliaan. Perokok apabila melihat rokok atau menciumnya, atau menyaksikan keluarga atau temannya terkadang dia ingat lagi rokok, jiwanya menjadi lemah dari mengimbangi nafsunya, sehingga dia kembali ke awalnya, meskipun dia telah meninggalkan aktivitas merokok. Kecuali orang yang memiliki jiwa yang gigih dan keinginan yang kuat.
Maka solusinya adalah semangat. Putuskan hubungan dengan segala sesuatu yang bisa mengundangmu mengulanginya kembali.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
AKU BENCI ROKOK
AKU BISA HIDUP LEBIH BAIK TANPAMU
1. Menjauh dari teman yang buruk
Ini adalah solusi dan langkah yang sangat penting. Kebanyakan orang merokok karena ikut-ikutan teman, seperti sudah disebutkan di pembahasan pertama. Teman yang baik akan membuat hidup kita baik, berteman dengan orang jelek maka Anda akan ketularan jeleknya. Jauhi mereka untuk beberapa waktu, karena berdekatan bersama mereka akan menimbulkan keinginan untuk menghisap rokok lagi. Anda tidak perlu takut. Untuk kehidupan Anda dan masa depan Anda, memang perlu pengorbanan dan usaha. Toh ketika nanti misal Anda impoten, apakah teman Anda tersebut akan membantu Anda. Akankah mereka mengorbankan diri mereka untuk menyembuhkanmu. Tidak. Ketika Anda sudah terkena kanker, yang merasakan sakit adalah Anda. Teman Anda, sebagus-bagusnya dia, paling hanya mengunjungi Anda dan mengatakan aku ikut prihatin terhadapmu.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
KALAU BERCERMIN, AKU MELIHAT DIRIKU GANTENG
TAPI GARA-GARA ROKOK, WAJAHKU JADI KUSUT
NAPASKU JADI BAU, GIGIKU JADI KUNING, BIBIRKU JADI HITAM
STAMINAKU MENURUN
AKU HARUS MENINGGALKAN ROKOK
Demikianlah apa yang bisa saya sampaikan pada kesempatan kali ini. Semoga apa yang saya tulis bisa bermanfaat bagi diri saya pribadi dan bagi orang yang mau mendengarkan nasihat. Adapun kekurangan pada tulisan ini, itu murni dari diri saya yang lemah dan miskin akan ilmu. Saya mohon maaf bila kata-kata yang saya gunakan terasa kasar di telinga Anda. Itu semua untuk memotivasi Anda.
Merokok Memang Ternyata Laknat
Brafo Hidup Sehat
Jangan lupa baca artikel saya yang lain tentang merokok, KLIK DISINI
Sumber Bacaan :
Chandrasoma dan Taylor. 2006. Ringkasan Patologi Anatomi. Ed: ke-2. Jakarta : EGC.
DR. R. A. Nainggolan. 2004. Anda Mau Berhenti Merokok, Pasti Berhasil!. Bandung : Indonesia Publising House.
Muhammad bin Ibrahim Al-Hamd. 2007. Stop Merokok Plus 13 Himbauan dan Nasihat untuk Penjual Rokok. Surakarta : Maktabah Al-Ghuroba.
Price dan Wilson. 2006. Patofisiologi Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit. Ed: Ke-6. Jakarta: EGC.
sumber: http://nina9yuli.student.umm.ac.id/2010/02/11/merokok-memang-ternyata-nikmat/
2010
02.11
Bismillahirrohamnirrohim
Ditulis oleh Carko Budiyanto
Merokok Memang Ternyata Nikmat
rokok1Pembahasan masalah rokok, sudah banyak sekali dilakukan. Bahkan mungkin, kita sampai bosan mendengarnya. Namun, yang membuat saya tergerak untuk menulis artikel ini adalah banyaknya mahasiswa yang ternyata merokok. Bahkan tidak aneh lagi, sekarang anak SMP dan SMA pun pegangannya rokok. Yang menjadi pertanyaan, kenapa hal tersebut bisa terjadi? Apa memang merokok itu enak?
Artikel ini adalah artikel saya yang kedua yang diterbitkan di blog ini. Artikel pertama saya berjudul ”Merokok dalam Pandangan Kedokteran dan Islam”. Artikel kedua ini judulnya cukup berlawanan dengan yang pertama. Mungkin Anda penasaran, kenapa artikel ini diberi judul ”Merokok Memang Ternyata Nikmat”. Artikel ini adalah kisah nyata. Dengan membaca artikel ini Anda akan mengetahui betapa nikmatnya merokok. Untuk itu, atur napas Anda terlebih dahulu, jangan memberi komentar, kemudian mari kita baca dengan penuh perhatian. Insya Alloh Anda akan mendapat jawabannya.
Langkah Pertama
Untuk mengetahui betapa nikmatnya merokok, alangkah baiknya, kita mengetahui alasan kenapa seseorang merokok. Dokter Daniel Horn mengatakan bahwa secara umum, seorang dewasa merokok karena :
1. untuk merangsang perasaan
2. karena sudah kecanduan
3. mengurangi perasaan negatif
4. untuk santai.
Sedangkan pada remaja, berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Charles Gilbert Wernn dan Shirley Schwarzrock, para anak muda merokok karena :
1. hanya sekedar ikut-ikutan teman; teman saya merokok, jadinya saya juga merokok.
2. hanya iseng-iseng saja, pengen coba-coba.
3. biar kayak orang dewasa.
4. bosan, tidak ada kerjaan.
Yang saya tekankan adalah alasan remaja merokok (terutama anak sekolah dan mahasiswa). Karena orang dewasa yang merokok biasanya diawali saat mereka kecil dan masih muda, akhirnya menjadi kecanduan. Faktor yang paling besar dan utama kenapa mahasiswa merokok adalah hanya sekedar ikut-ikutan teman. Ketika mereka bergaul dan berada di suatu lingkunngan yang di lingkungan tersebut banyak perokoknya, maka otomatis, untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan, agar dianggap sama dan diakui di lingkungan tersebut, dia akan membuat dirinya sama dengan lingkungannya.
Alasan selanjutnya adalah hanya iseng. Seorang pemuda itu biasanya suka sesuatu yang menantang dan terlarang. Suka mencoba hal baru. Bahkan banyak mahasiswa yang kalau disuruh mengisi biodata, pada pertanyaan hobbi, mereka menjawab, hobbi saya adalah suka mencoba hal yang baru. Nah, yang menjadi masalah, mereka tidak berpikir apakah hal baru tersebut baik atau tidak untuk dirinya. Yang menjadi patokan buat mereka adalah yang penting happy.
Urutan ketiga, mereka merokok, biar kayak orang dewasa. Mahasiswa itu adalah orang yang susah di atur dalam kehidupannya. Kalau orang tua menasihati, mereka menjawab, ”Saya bukan anak kecil lagi, Pak.”. Mereka merasa seolah-olah sudah dewasa dan bisa menentukan pilihan sendiri. Nah, salah satu cara mengekspresikan kedewasaan mereka adalah meniru orang dewasa, antara lain merokok. ”Kalau merokok itu lebih punya tested”, katanya.
Alasan keempat adalah karena kurang kerjaan. Mereka merasa bosan dengan kegiatan mereka sehari-hari. Mereka berpikir, ” Ngapain sih belajar terus, ini kan masa muda, hidup tu cuman sekali, besok kita tua. Kalau kamu gak seneng-seneng sekarang, kapan lagi. Rugi nanti, masa sudah sebesar ini belum merasakan rokok”.
Nah, dari semua alasan tadi, tidak ada satu pun alasan yang logis. Semua alasannya tidak dipikir dengan jernih dan matang. Alasan tersebut adalah alasan kekanak-kanakan. Semuanya hanya mengikuti hawa nafsu dan keinginan. Karena hawa nafsu yang besar itulah, mereka membuang akal pikiran mereka. Coba Anda tanyakan pada mereka yang merokok, ”Apakah kalian tahu bahaya merokok?”. Niscaya mereka akan menjawab, ”Merokok membahayakan kesehatan”.
Kalau seperti ini, dimana slogan yang kalian dengung-dengungkan? Bukankah kalian selalu berteriak, ”Kita ini mahasiswa, kita adalah orang terpelajar. Kita ini penerus bangsa. Kita harus peduli terhadap nasib rakyat bangsa ini”. Bahkan kalian berdemo di jalanan menuntut perbaikan orang lain. Lalu bagaimana dengan kalian sendiri, kalian merusak tubuh kalian sendiri. Memanage diri sendiri saja, kalian tidak bisa. Mana slogan kalian dan mana otak kalian? Mana jiwa pendidikan kalian??!
Baik, mari kita atur napas dulu. Bagaimana perasaan Anda, apakah Anda sudah menemukan bahwa merokok itu memang ternyata nikmat? Atau malah sebaliknya? Ehmm……
Kalau Anda belum menemukannya, berarti Anda harus melanjutkan untuk membaca artikel ini.
Langkah Kedua
Langkah kedua ini akan membahas apa sih sebenarnya bahan yang terkandung di dalam rokok yang membuat rokok itu terasa nikmat saat dihirup. Di dalam rokok itu ada tidak bahan yang justru membuat badan menjadi sehat? Penasaran?
Mari kita baca!
Menurut para pakar kesehatan, di dalam sebatang rokok yang dihisap terdapat kurang lebih 3000 macam bahan kimia. Dari jumlah yang sebanyak itu, ternyata baru 700 macam yang populer.
1. Acrolein
Merupakan zat cair tidak berwarna, seperti aldehide. Zat ini diperoleh dengan mengambil cairan dari glyceril atau dengan mengeringkannya. Zat ini sedikit banyaknya mengandung kadar alkohol. Dengan kata lain, acrolein adalah alkohol yang cairannya telah diambil. Cairan ini sangat mengganggu kesehatan. Atas dasar inilah, kenapa dalam Islam rokok diharamkan. Islam sangat melarang sesuatu yang mengandung alkohol. Bukan hanya untuk dimakan, untuk dilumurkan ke tubuh dan semisalnya pun juga haram, misalnya minyak wangi yang mengandung alkohol. Apalagi cairan ini dapat merugikan kesehatan, padahal Islam sangat melarang sesuatu yang merugikan diri sendiri.
1. Karbon monoksida
Adalah gas yang tidak berbau, yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran yang tidak sempurna dari unsur arang atau karbon. Zat ini sangat beracun. Karbon monoksida dapat dibawa oleh hemoglobin ke dalam otot-otot dan seluruh tubuh. Karbon monoksida dapat mendesak ikatan oksigen dengan hemoglobin sehingga hemoglobin menjadi berikatan dengannya dan melepas oksigen. Akhirnya tubuh akan kekurangan oksigen. Seorang perokok akan menjadi mudah lelah dan tidak kuat untuk melakukan pekerjaan yang membutuhkan oksigen dan energi lebih banyak daripada bila orang tersebut tidak merokok.
Sangat memprihatinkan bagi seorang perokok yang katanya lebih jantan. Justru dia kehilangan kekuatan dan kejantanannya. Ketika berhubungan seksual misalnya, saat itu butuh energi yang banyak. Kalau dia loyo, bagaimana bisa bersenang-senang dengan istrinya?
1. Nikotin
Adalah cairan berminyak yang tidak berwarna dan dapat membuat rasa perih yang sangat. Nikotin itu menghalangi kontraksi rasa lapar. Itu sebabnya seseorang menjadi tidak lapar karena merokok. Orang tersebut akan kekurangan asupan nutrisi sehingga tubuhnya menjadi lebih rentan terhadap penyakit.
1. Amonia
Adalah gas yang tidak berwarna yang terdiri dari nitrogen dan hidrogen. Zat ini sangat tajam baunya dan sangat merangsang. Amonia sangat mudah memasuki sel-sel tubuh. Mungkin bagi Anda yang pernah duduk di bangku SMA, pernah melakukan percobaan kimia tentang amonia. Bagaimana baunya? Tantu Anda bisa menjawabnya. Dan yang paling penting, amonia sangat beracun. Begitu kerasnya racun yang terdapat pada amonia, sehingga kalau disuntikan sedikitpun ke dalam peredaran darah, akan mengakibatkan seseorang pingsan atau koma.
1. Formic acid
Adalah cairan tidak berwarna yang dapat bergerak bebas dan dapat membuat lepuh. Cairan ini sangat tajam dan menusuk baunya. Zat ini dapat menyebabkan seseorang seperti merasa digigit semut. Asam ini bila kadarnya meningkat dalam darah, akan membuat napas menjadi cepat.
1. Hydrogen Cyanida
Adalah gas yang tidak berbau, tidak berwarna, dan tidak berasa. Zat ini mudah terbakar. Zat ini dapat mengganggu proses pernapasan. Cyanida sendiri adalah zat racun yang dapat menyebabkan kematian.
1. Nitrous oxide
Adalah gas tidak berwarna, yang dapat membuat tubuh fly (melayang seperti habis makan narkoba). Pada mulanya, zat ini digunakan sebagai bius saat dilakukan operasi.
1. Formalin
Gas ini biasa digunakan sebagai pengawet dan pembasmi hama. Bila masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia (baik dengan dimakan, ataupun dihirup, dll) dapat menyebabkan kanker.
1. Fenol
Adalah bahan yang sangat beracun. Fenol dapat terikat dengan protein dan menghalangi aktivitas enzim. Kalau enzim dalam tubuh tidak bekerja dengan baik, maka metabolisme tubuh akan terganggu.
1. Acetol
Adalah zat hasil pemanasan dari aldehide dan mudah menguap dengan alkohol.
1. Hydrogen sulfide
Adalah zat beracun yang mudah terbakar.
1. Pyridine
Adalah sejenis cairan tidak berwarna yang terdapat dalam tembakau, ter arang, dan dari pembusukan sejenis alkohol. Zat ini dapat digunakan mengubah sifat alkohol sebagai pelarut dan pembunuh hama.
1. Methyl cloride
Adalah campuran zat-zat bervalensi satu dengan unsur utamanya hidrogen dan karbon. Uapnya dapat digunakan sebagai bius.
1. Methanol
Meminum atau menghisap metanol dapat menyebabkan kebutaan.
1. Tar
Sejenis cairan kental berwarna coklat tua yang diperoleh dengan cara distilasi arang. Zat ini merupakan karsinogen (zat yang menimbulkan kanker).
Demikian beberapa zat dalam rokok yang mampu saya uraikan. Di akhir langkah kedua ini, apakah Anda sudah menemukan bahwa merokok memang ternyata nikmat?
Belum???
Wah, Anda mungkin membacanya kurang serius! Coba sekali lagi Anda membaca dengan teliti dan baik-baik. Renungkan dalam hati dan pikiran Anda.
Anda tahu sekarang, dalam sebatang rokok yang kecil itu, ternyata banyak mengandung bahan-bahan yang bisa dibilang itu adalah racun. Nah, sekarang ketemu kan nikmatnya! Rokok itu memang nikmat bagi orang-orang yang biasa berpikir memakai jempol kaki. Memang punya kepala, tapi isinya cuma asap, tidak ada otaknya. Kalau memang Anda mahasiswa yang biasa berpikir pakai otak, tentu Anda akan ketakutan, menyesal, dan sangat benci pada rokok. Apalagi Anda sudah mengetahui apa isi dari rokok tersebut. Isinya RACUN.
Mungkin Anda memang orang yang berputus asa. Anda mungkin tidak ingin hidup lama di dunia ini. Oleh karena itu, salah satu cara bunuh diri yang paling nikmat adalah dengan merokok. Perlahan-lahan, tidak disadari, tau-tau kena kanker paru, mati deh……….
Langkah Ketiga
Dilangkah ketiga ini, untuk lebih menyempurnakan pengetahuan dan lebih membuat Anda sadar bahwa rokok itu memang nikmat bagi orang bodoh, saya akan sebutkan beberapa penyakit yang disebabkan oleh rokok. Namun, saya tidak mau berpanjang lebar, karena hal ini pernah saya bahas dalam artikel saya yang pertama. Silakan merujuk kesana. (Atau klik disini)
Jenis-jenis penyakit yang sering membawa maut akibat merokok adalah sebagai berikut : penyakit kanker, panyakit jantung, bronkitis kronis, emfisema, penyakit pencernaan, radang lambung, serta kelumpuhan otak.
Anda mungkin sering mendengar penyakit di atas. Namun, Anda tidak merasa takut karena memang Anda tidak pernah bertemu atau pernah bertemu tapi tidak tahu, dengan orang yang menderita kanker, penyakit jantung, PPOK. Jika Anda pergi ke Rumah Sakit, Anda akan menjumpai betapa banyak orang yang sakit tersebut. Kalau Anda menanyakan kepada mereka tentang kebiasaan mereka. Mereka sebagian besar akan menjawab, ”Saya adalah perokok”.
Akankah yang berada disana selanjutnya adalah Anda????
Sekarang mungkin Anda masih merasa sehat, karena memang Anda masih muda, tubuh masih bisa mengkompensasi kerusakan yang ada. Namun, beberapa tahun lagi, kita tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi. Mungkinkah tiba-tiba Anda akan kehilangan napsu makan, sering batuk dan sesak, dan segudang keluhan lainnya. Jawabannya adalah mungkin sekali, karena perokok itu memiliki peluang terjadinya penyakit adalah 10 kali lipat daripada orang yang tidak merokok.
Anda masih berani mengatakan bahwa merokok itu memang nikmat?
Anda masih berani menghirup racun tersebut?
Kalau Anda merasa takut. Berarti otak Anda masih jalan. Lalu bagaimana selanjutnya? Apakah cukup hanya takut saja? Tentu tidak, mulai detik ini Anda harus meninggalkan rokok.
Apakah Anda akan menjawab, ”Susah Bung!”
Maka saya katakan, ”Tidak wahai temanku! Belum lemah solusi dan belum sempit jalan keluar bagimu. Setiap penyakit pasti ada obatnya. Setiap masalah pasti ada jalan keluarnya. Tidak ada gembok melainkan ada kuncinya, bila ada gembok tapi tidak ada kunci maka apa artinya sebuah gembok”.
Langkah Keempat
Saya katakan, ”Wahai temanku yang aku cintai. Hidup mahasiswa!! Apa yang Anda inginkan akan Anda jumpai selama Anda mau mencarinya, mengusahakannya, dan mendatangi pintunya dan mengambil sebab-sebabnya. Berikut ini akan saya uraikan cara mengobati penyakitmu tersebut.
1. Yakinlah bahwa Anda dapat berhenti merokok
Setelah Anda mengetahui bahaya dan dampak negatif merokok, masukkan ke dalam benakmu. Kemudian niatkan di dalam benakmu bahwa Engkau dapat berhenti merokok.
Anda sebagai mahasiswa, tentunya Anda masih muda dan memiliki harapan dan cita-cita yang besar di masa depan. Anda pasti ingin menikah, ingin punya istri yang cantik, istri yang seksi, punya anak yang imut dan lucu. Betapa indahnya bila hal tersebut terlaksana. Namun, bila Anda merokok. Anda terkena impotensi. Penis Anda tidak bisa berdiri. Kalau bisa berdiri pun hanya sebentar, lalu ejakulasi dini. Betapa kasihannya Anda. Anda tidak bisa menikmati istri yang cantik tersebut. Anda tidak bisa mendapatkan anak yang lucu. Baru sebentar menikah Anda akan bercerai karena istri Anda merasa tidak puas dengan pelayanan Anda.
Mau seperti itu????
Kalau Anda tidak mau seperti itu. Ayo, berhenti merokok!
Yakinkan pada diri Anda bahwa Anda bisa berhenti merokok sekarang juga. Sekarang juga. Sekarang juga. Sekarang juga.
1. Ikhlas dan jujur
Yang dimaksud ikhlas adalah Anda berhenti merokok hanya untuk mendapat ridho dan berkah dari Alloh. Jujur adalah Anda menanamkan dalam hati bahwa memang Anda benar-benar menyesal dan ingin berhenti merokok. Bukan hanya ucapan di mulut. Bukan cuma angan-angan.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
Saya mau berhenti merokok, saya bisa berhenti merokok, saya berhenti merokok sekarang juga.
1. Banyak beribadah dan mendekatkan diri kepada Alloh subhanahuwataala.
Langkah selanjutnya adalah Anda mulai detik ini bertekad untuk meningkatkan ibadah kepada Alloh subhanahu wataala. Anda datangi majelis ilmu (kajian-kajian Islami). Anda berdoa kepada Alloh, meminta pertolongan-Nya, agar Anda dimudahkan untuk berhenti merokok.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
ROKOK ADALAH RACUN
ROKOK MENYEBABKAN IMPOTEN
AKU BENCI ROKOK
1. Sabar
Tidak diragukan lagi bahwa siapa saja yang ingin meninggalkan aktivitas merokok akan menjumpai kepayahan yang besar, mirip seperti ketika kecanduan narkoba, khususnya pada awal permulaan. Melepaskan diri dari merokok sangat berat bagi jiwa, akan tetapi hal itu bukanlah suatu alasan dan bukan pula kilah.
Tingkat kesulitan dalam meninggalkannya terpendam dalam kuatnya himpitan kebiasaan. Anda akan merasakan sedih pada minggu-minggu awal Anda berhenti merokok. Ditambah lagi kuatnya keinginan untuk merokok. Pada keadaan inilah sering orang-orang yang ingin berhenti merokok menjadi gagal. Hanya orang-orang yang bersabar lah yang mampu melewatinya. Karena kesulitan tersebut sedikit demi sedikit akan melemah hingga akhirnya menghilang.
Dalam langkah ini, Anda harus menyadari bahwa bersabar dari apa yang Anda rasakan, itu lebih baik daripada Anda harus bersabar nantinya saat Anda menderita penyakit akibat rokok. Coba pilih mana? Apakah Anda lebih memilih untuk bersabar ketika Anda menderita kanker, atau Anda lebih memilih bersabar ketika Anda tidak bisa menikmati hubungan seksual dengan istri Anda? Tentu, sebagai seorang yang berakal, Anda akan menjauhi kesengsaraan tersebut.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
ROKOK ITU TAI
ROKOK ITU KOTORAN
ENYAH KAU ROKOK DARI HADAPANKU
1. Buatlah diri Anda sibuk
Waktu luang, datang sebagai sebab utama yang mengantarkan seseorang untuk merokok. Seperti sudah disebutkan di langkah yang pertama bahwa penyebab remaja merokok adalah karena bosan tidak ada kerjaan.
Pada hari pertama Anda menentukan untuk berhenti merokok, rencanakanlah suatu pekerjaan yang membuat Anda sibuk sepanjang hari. Di tempat kesibukan Anda jangan lah ada sebatang rokok pun dan jangan pula ada orang lain yang merokok. Di tempat Anda bekerja, tempelkan tulisan ”Dilarang merokok”. Buatlah hal ini sampai 5 hari atau seminggu, karena sesudah 5 hari tidak merokok, maka Anda tidak terlalu lagi menyukai asap rokok.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
STOP MEROKOK
I HATE SMOKING
1. Menjauh dari hal yang bisa mengingatkan aktivitas merokok
Mendekat adalah kesengsaraan dan musibah, sedang menjauh adalah kemanisan, kegigihan, dan kemuliaan. Perokok apabila melihat rokok atau menciumnya, atau menyaksikan keluarga atau temannya terkadang dia ingat lagi rokok, jiwanya menjadi lemah dari mengimbangi nafsunya, sehingga dia kembali ke awalnya, meskipun dia telah meninggalkan aktivitas merokok. Kecuali orang yang memiliki jiwa yang gigih dan keinginan yang kuat.
Maka solusinya adalah semangat. Putuskan hubungan dengan segala sesuatu yang bisa mengundangmu mengulanginya kembali.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
AKU BENCI ROKOK
AKU BISA HIDUP LEBIH BAIK TANPAMU
1. Menjauh dari teman yang buruk
Ini adalah solusi dan langkah yang sangat penting. Kebanyakan orang merokok karena ikut-ikutan teman, seperti sudah disebutkan di pembahasan pertama. Teman yang baik akan membuat hidup kita baik, berteman dengan orang jelek maka Anda akan ketularan jeleknya. Jauhi mereka untuk beberapa waktu, karena berdekatan bersama mereka akan menimbulkan keinginan untuk menghisap rokok lagi. Anda tidak perlu takut. Untuk kehidupan Anda dan masa depan Anda, memang perlu pengorbanan dan usaha. Toh ketika nanti misal Anda impoten, apakah teman Anda tersebut akan membantu Anda. Akankah mereka mengorbankan diri mereka untuk menyembuhkanmu. Tidak. Ketika Anda sudah terkena kanker, yang merasakan sakit adalah Anda. Teman Anda, sebagus-bagusnya dia, paling hanya mengunjungi Anda dan mengatakan aku ikut prihatin terhadapmu.
Ucapkan dan resapi kalimat di bawah ini :
KALAU BERCERMIN, AKU MELIHAT DIRIKU GANTENG
TAPI GARA-GARA ROKOK, WAJAHKU JADI KUSUT
NAPASKU JADI BAU, GIGIKU JADI KUNING, BIBIRKU JADI HITAM
STAMINAKU MENURUN
AKU HARUS MENINGGALKAN ROKOK
Demikianlah apa yang bisa saya sampaikan pada kesempatan kali ini. Semoga apa yang saya tulis bisa bermanfaat bagi diri saya pribadi dan bagi orang yang mau mendengarkan nasihat. Adapun kekurangan pada tulisan ini, itu murni dari diri saya yang lemah dan miskin akan ilmu. Saya mohon maaf bila kata-kata yang saya gunakan terasa kasar di telinga Anda. Itu semua untuk memotivasi Anda.
Merokok Memang Ternyata Laknat
Brafo Hidup Sehat
Jangan lupa baca artikel saya yang lain tentang merokok, KLIK DISINI
Sumber Bacaan :
Chandrasoma dan Taylor. 2006. Ringkasan Patologi Anatomi. Ed: ke-2. Jakarta : EGC.
DR. R. A. Nainggolan. 2004. Anda Mau Berhenti Merokok, Pasti Berhasil!. Bandung : Indonesia Publising House.
Muhammad bin Ibrahim Al-Hamd. 2007. Stop Merokok Plus 13 Himbauan dan Nasihat untuk Penjual Rokok. Surakarta : Maktabah Al-Ghuroba.
Price dan Wilson. 2006. Patofisiologi Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit. Ed: Ke-6. Jakarta: EGC.
sumber: http://nina9yuli.student.umm.ac.id/2010/02/11/merokok-memang-ternyata-nikmat/
Manfaat Merokok
1. Perokok pasif lebih berbahaya daripada perokok aktif, maka untuk
mengurangi resiko tersebut aktiflah merokok.
2. Menghindarkan dari perbuatan jahat karena tidak pernah ditemui orang
yang membunuh, mencuri dan berkelahi sambil merokok.
3. Mengurangi resiko kematian; dalam berita tidak pernah ditemui orang
yang meninggal dalam posisi merokok.
4. Berbuat amal kebaikan; kalau ada orang yang mau pinjam korek api
paling tidak sudah siap / tidak mengecewakan orang yang ingin meminjam.
5. Baik untuk basa-basi / keakraban; Kalau ketemu orang misalnya di
Halte kita bisa tawarkan rokok. Kalau basa-basinya nawarin uang kan
boros.
6. Memberikan lapangan kerja bagi buruh rokok, dokter, pedagang asongan,
pembuat asbak, pabrik kemasan dan perusahaan obat batuk.
7. Bisa untuk alasan untuk tambah gaji karena ada post untuk rokok dan
resiko baju berlubang kena api rokok.
8. Bisa menambah suasana pedesaan/nature bagi ruangan ber AC dengan
asapnya, sehingga seolah-olah berkabut.
9. Menghilangkan bau wangi-wangian ruang bagi yang alergi bau parfum.
10. Kalau mobil mogok karena busi ngadat tidak ada api, maka sudah siap
api.
11.Membantu program KB dan mengurangi penyelewengan karena konon katanya
merokok bisa menyebabkan impoten.
12. Melatih kesabaran dan menambah semangat pantang menyerah karena bagi
pemula merokok itu tidak mudah; batuk-batuk dan tersedak tapi tetap
diteruskan (bagi yg lulus).
13. Untuk indikator kesehatan; biasanya orang yang sakit pasti dilarang
dulu merokok. Jadi yang merokok itu pasti orang sehat.
14. Menambah kenikmatan: sore hari minum kopi dan makan pisang goreng
sungguh nikmat. Apalagi ditambah merokok !
15. Tanda kalau hari sudah pagi, kita pasti mendengar ayam merokok.
16. Anti maling, suara perokok batuk berat di malam hari mujarab untuk
mengusir penjahat.
17. Membantu shooting film keji, rokok digunakan penjahat buat nyundut
jagoan yg terikat di kursi... "hahaha penderitaan itu pedih
Jendral..!!! "
18. Film cowboy pasti lebih gaya kalo ngerokok sambil naek kuda, soalnya
kalo sambil ngupil susah betul.
19. Teman boker yg setia
20. Sebagai pengganti pelubang kertas saat emergency
21. Membuat awet muda, karena konon orang yang merokok berat belum
sampai tua udah mati duluan kena kanker paru-paru. Fakta lain ...sekitar
30% orang meninggal di dunia adalah perokok. 70%-nya bukan perokok..!!
Maka merokoklah agar masuk ke golongan yg lebih sedikit itu
sumber: http://www.stradasembilantujuh.net/node/91
nikmatnya merokok
Asap rokok mencemari udara segar. Tetapi para perokok banyak berkilah: asap pabrik dan knalpot kendaraan lebih merusak. memang benar asap pabrik dan knalpot kendaraan lebih besar menyumbang untuk global warming. Tapi pernahkah anda berada dalam satu ruangan dengan orang yang sedang merokok? Ketika mereka dalam “kenikmatan”, kita yang tersiksa karena asap rokok yang mereka hembuskan. :)
Merokok seperti halnya uang logam / koin, selalu terdiri dari dua sisi. Ada sisi positif dan negatif, untung-rugi, kelebihan-kekurangan, baik-buruk, dsb.
1. Pendapatan / penghasilan
Tidak dipungkiri lagi bahwa rokok memberikan pendapatan negara yang cukup besar. Jika pajak negara yang hanya berkisar sekian persen dari cukai rokok mencapai ratusan milyar atau trilyunan rupiah. Lantas berapa besar uang yang bergerak di bisnis rokok? Lihat saja keluarga pemilik pabrik rokok seperti Sampoerna yang masih masuk daftar konglomerat. Makanya pemerintah pun segan mengutak-atik bisnis ini karena ada pendapatan negara yang cukup lumayan dan juga melibatkan begitu banyak orang hingga ratusan ribu orang. Singkatnya, untung buat pemerintah dan penjual, rugi untuk pembeli rokok karena pajak cukai tembakau yang semakin tinggi.
2. Kesehatan
Semakin banyak perokok setara dengan semakin menurunnya kesehatan masyarakat, baik perokok aktif maupun perokok pasif. sejalan dengan itu, kesehatan untuk penyakit yang berkaitan dengan rokok pun menjadi bisnis yang menjanjikan. Dokter spesialis, alat kedokteran, bahkan rumah sakit khusus pun mulai bermunculan untuk mengatasi masalah penyakit yang berkaitan dengan rokok.
Untung buat bisnis kesehatan, rugi buat kesehatan masyarakat.
3. Produktivitas
Bagi sebagian besar perokok, mereka menganggap bila bekerja / berpikir tanpa merokok maka “processor” di otak akan mengalami gangguan atau hambatan. Processor tersebut baru akan lancar lagi jika bekerja / berpikir sambil merokok. Menurut riset, sebenarnya yang terjadi adalah para perokok akan mengalami gangguan terhadap suplai oksigen ke otak sehingga akan terjadi efek “fly” yang akan membuat perokok akan merasa lebih rileks. Dengan demikian mereka akan “lebih tenang” untuk berpikir dan rasa stress pun terasa berkurang. Sementara asap rokok menguntungkan perokok, tetapi bagi para bukan perokok justru sebaiknya. Mereka tidak bisa bekerja karena ada asap rokok yang mengganggu pernapasan mereka. Rokok mungkin dapat menyebabkan produktivitas para perokok meningkat, tapi sudah pasti akan menyebabkan produktivitas para bukan perokok akan menurun.
4. Keselamatan
Sudah sering terdengar berita musibah kebakaran yang disebabkan karena puntung rokok yang dibuang sembarangan. Oleh karenanya, pada beberapa area sering dipasang peringatan untuk tidak merokok untuk menjamin keselamatan dari akibat yang dapat disebabkan oleh rokok. Untung bagi para bukan perokok karena mereka mendapatkan udara bersih yang bebas dari asap rokok, tetapi rugi bagi para perokok karena mereka tidak bisa merokok sehingga mulut mereka pun terasa asam . :)
Halal atau haram rokok masih menuai kontroversi. Sebagian memilih halal, sebagian haram, sisanya memilih makruh (dikerjakan tidak apa-apa tetapi bila ditinggalkan lebih baik). Fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh MUI pun masih bias. Tidak tahu apakah karena pembahasan seakan berjalan dengan debat ulama perokok melawan ulama bukan perokok, atau kuat ilmu agama tapi kurang ilmu kedokterannya, atau hal yang lainnya. Padahal sudah jelas bila merugikan kesehatan maka hukumnya adalah haram. Bagaimana menurut anda, apakah merokok merugikan kesehatan atau tidak ?
sumber: http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7192778141756564570
Merokok seperti halnya uang logam / koin, selalu terdiri dari dua sisi. Ada sisi positif dan negatif, untung-rugi, kelebihan-kekurangan, baik-buruk, dsb.
1. Pendapatan / penghasilan
Tidak dipungkiri lagi bahwa rokok memberikan pendapatan negara yang cukup besar. Jika pajak negara yang hanya berkisar sekian persen dari cukai rokok mencapai ratusan milyar atau trilyunan rupiah. Lantas berapa besar uang yang bergerak di bisnis rokok? Lihat saja keluarga pemilik pabrik rokok seperti Sampoerna yang masih masuk daftar konglomerat. Makanya pemerintah pun segan mengutak-atik bisnis ini karena ada pendapatan negara yang cukup lumayan dan juga melibatkan begitu banyak orang hingga ratusan ribu orang. Singkatnya, untung buat pemerintah dan penjual, rugi untuk pembeli rokok karena pajak cukai tembakau yang semakin tinggi.
2. Kesehatan
Semakin banyak perokok setara dengan semakin menurunnya kesehatan masyarakat, baik perokok aktif maupun perokok pasif. sejalan dengan itu, kesehatan untuk penyakit yang berkaitan dengan rokok pun menjadi bisnis yang menjanjikan. Dokter spesialis, alat kedokteran, bahkan rumah sakit khusus pun mulai bermunculan untuk mengatasi masalah penyakit yang berkaitan dengan rokok.
Untung buat bisnis kesehatan, rugi buat kesehatan masyarakat.
3. Produktivitas
Bagi sebagian besar perokok, mereka menganggap bila bekerja / berpikir tanpa merokok maka “processor” di otak akan mengalami gangguan atau hambatan. Processor tersebut baru akan lancar lagi jika bekerja / berpikir sambil merokok. Menurut riset, sebenarnya yang terjadi adalah para perokok akan mengalami gangguan terhadap suplai oksigen ke otak sehingga akan terjadi efek “fly” yang akan membuat perokok akan merasa lebih rileks. Dengan demikian mereka akan “lebih tenang” untuk berpikir dan rasa stress pun terasa berkurang. Sementara asap rokok menguntungkan perokok, tetapi bagi para bukan perokok justru sebaiknya. Mereka tidak bisa bekerja karena ada asap rokok yang mengganggu pernapasan mereka. Rokok mungkin dapat menyebabkan produktivitas para perokok meningkat, tapi sudah pasti akan menyebabkan produktivitas para bukan perokok akan menurun.
4. Keselamatan
Sudah sering terdengar berita musibah kebakaran yang disebabkan karena puntung rokok yang dibuang sembarangan. Oleh karenanya, pada beberapa area sering dipasang peringatan untuk tidak merokok untuk menjamin keselamatan dari akibat yang dapat disebabkan oleh rokok. Untung bagi para bukan perokok karena mereka mendapatkan udara bersih yang bebas dari asap rokok, tetapi rugi bagi para perokok karena mereka tidak bisa merokok sehingga mulut mereka pun terasa asam . :)
Halal atau haram rokok masih menuai kontroversi. Sebagian memilih halal, sebagian haram, sisanya memilih makruh (dikerjakan tidak apa-apa tetapi bila ditinggalkan lebih baik). Fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh MUI pun masih bias. Tidak tahu apakah karena pembahasan seakan berjalan dengan debat ulama perokok melawan ulama bukan perokok, atau kuat ilmu agama tapi kurang ilmu kedokterannya, atau hal yang lainnya. Padahal sudah jelas bila merugikan kesehatan maka hukumnya adalah haram. Bagaimana menurut anda, apakah merokok merugikan kesehatan atau tidak ?
sumber: http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7192778141756564570
nikmatnya merokok
Ini bukan promosi, sekedar opini pribadi. Maaf yang anti rokok, silahkan protes, ndak papa. Merokok merupakan kenikmatan tersendiri bagi yang terbiasa. Makan tanpa ditutup dengan rokok seperti berak tanpa cebok, begitu istilahnya. Kebanyakan perokok juga tidak mati karena rokok, jadi mengorbankan kenikmatan merokok untuk sesuatu yang begitu menakutkan rasanya terlalu berlebihan. Anda mungkin mati karena rokok, tapi sebelum itu, liver, ginjal, stroke, atau penyakit gula akan mengakhiri hidup anda terlebih dulu.
Merokok adalah menikmati hidup dengan cara yang relatif mudah dan murah. Misalkan anda dapat free trips ke hawai seminggu tapi tidak boleh merokok. Wah, pasti asem bener tu mulut. Bangun pagi minum kopi sambil merokok. Naik gunung, dingin - dingin ngopi sambil merokok, atau sekedar bengong, menghayal jorok sambil merokok. Enak betul rasanya. Apalagi pas stres berat saat diputus pacar, nyundut rokok ke foto si dia pasti bikin berkurang kesalnya, meminimalisir potensi bunuh diri karena putus cinta istilahnya, hehe..
Merokok adalah menikmati hidup dengan cara yang relatif mudah dan murah. Misalkan anda dapat free trips ke hawai seminggu tapi tidak boleh merokok. Wah, pasti asem bener tu mulut. Bangun pagi minum kopi sambil merokok. Naik gunung, dingin - dingin ngopi sambil merokok, atau sekedar bengong, menghayal jorok sambil merokok. Enak betul rasanya. Apalagi pas stres berat saat diputus pacar, nyundut rokok ke foto si dia pasti bikin berkurang kesalnya, meminimalisir potensi bunuh diri karena putus cinta istilahnya, hehe..
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